Optimized Phosphorus Application Under Water Stress Enhances Photosynthesis, Physiological Traits, and Yield in Soybean During Flowering Stage

作者：Qu Chen, Tangzhe Nie, Yang Li, Hao Li, Yubo Sun, Zezhou Wu, Yuxian Zhang, Mengxue Wang · 发表于：Agronomy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/agronomy15020444 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Soybean genetics and cultivation、Plant responses to water stress、Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects

Phosphorus application is widely regarded as a key measure for improving crop resistance to drought. This study investigated the effect of appropriate phosphorus fertilization on photosynthesis, physiological traits, and yield under water stress during the soybean flowering stage and selected the drought-sensitive soybean variety “Sui Nong 26” as the pot experiment object under a completely randomized design. The experiment was designed with three irrigation lower limits, corresponding to 70%, 60%, and 50% of the field capacity (FC), referred to as T1, T2, and T3. Four phosphorus fertilizer applications were also included: 0, 40, 50, and 60 mg·kg (designated as P0, P1, P2, and P3), resulting in a total of 12 treatments. Photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, membrane lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment substances, yield, and yield components were measured to assess the effects of phosphorus fertilization on drought resistance. Results showed that under water stress, moderate phosphorus application (P1 and P2) enhanced photosynthetic capacity, antioxidation, osmotic adjustment, and yield, particularly by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage, and maintaining metabolic balance, leading to increased yield. The average net photosynthetic rate and yield per plant under P1 and P2 levels increased by 33.53% and 37.67%, and 20.7% and 15.6%, respectively, compared to P0. In contrast, excessive phosphorus application (P3...