Clinical diagnosis of Q fever by targeted next-generation sequencing for identification of Coxiella burnetii

作者：Shaohua Zhan, Haoyuan Jin, Hong Ji, Xin Hou, Jing Li, Ye Zhang, Jiajia Zheng, Liyan Cui · 发表于：BMC Infectious Diseases · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12879-024-10437-6 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Vector-borne infectious diseases、Rabies epidemiology and control、Bartonella species infections research

PURPOSE: Q fever is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Due to its variable and non-specific clinical symptoms, the disease is often overlooked and underreported. To date, the identification of C. burnetii as the causative pathogen of Q fever using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has not been previously documented. METHODS: tNGS was performed on patients with acute fever of unknown etiology, and qPCR was confirmed for C. burnetii infection. RESULTS: tNGS was performed on 112 patients with acute fever of unknown etiology at Peking University Third Hospital between March 27 and September 20, 2024. C. burnetii was identified in blood samples from five patients, leading to a clinical diagnosis of Q fever. These diagnoses were subsequently confirmed by qPCR at the Beijing CDC. The mean age of the patients was 39.6 years (range: 32-59 years). Although blood cultures were negative, elevated infection markers (CRP, PCT, and ferritin) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and LDH) were observed. No epidemiological links to Q fever were identified in these cases. All five patients were treated promptly with oral doxycycline (0.1 g twice daily for 2 weeks) and discharged in improved health. CONCLUSIONS: tNGS is a promising and significant tool for rapidly detecting C. burnetii infection.