Prevalence and correlates of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among women of reproductive age with delayed conception in urban and peri-urban low to mid-socioeconomic neighborhoods of Delhi, India: A cross-sectional study

作者：Barsha Gadapani Pathak, Gitau Mburu, Ndema Habib, Rita Kabra, Aiysha Malik, James Kiarie, Ranadip Chowdhury, Neeta Dhabhai, Sarmila Mazumder · 发表于：PLoS ONE · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pone.0315347 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Reproductive Health and Technologies、Family Dynamics and Relationships、Ovarian function and disorders

INTRODUCTION: One in six people of reproductive age experience infertility in their lifetime. Infertility can have significant impacts on mental health. Psychological distress is a broad term encompassing emotional suffering and mental health discomfort that can include symptoms of anxiety and depression but is not limited to these conditions. We investigated the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress and their associated risk factors among women of reproductive age with delayed conception. METHODS: A total of 1530 women were recruited from community settings in Northern India. Quantitative data were collected using a 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) which is an ultra-brief self-report questionnaire consisting of a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2) and a 2-item anxiety scale (generalized anxiety depression-2). Data were collected between July 2020 and August 2021. Descriptive analysis was conducted to summarise the characteristics and prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for psychological distress. RESULTS: We obtained responses from all 1,530 women using these scales. Over half (54.31%) of participants had psychological distress, of whom 38.10% were experiencing mild distress, 10.59% moderate distress, and 5.62% severe distress. Additionally,16.07% of participants reported symptoms of anxiety and 20% reported symptoms of depression. Factor...