Solar Modulation of Cosmic Nuclei over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

作者：M. Aguilar, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. R. Anderson, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barão, M. Barbanera, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, R. Battiston, Ammar Bayyari, N. L. Belyaev, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, C. Brugnoni, Johanna Bürger, W.J. Burger, N. Burzillà, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Yuan-Hann Chang, Guo-Ming Chen, G. R. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, Lin Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Zheng Cui, S. Kokou Dadzie, Fulvio D’Angelo, Amala Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, Fei Dong, M. Duranti, A. I. Egorov, A. Eline, F. Faldi, D. Fehr, J. H. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P.H. Fisher, V. Formato, R. J. Garcı́a López, Corrado Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, F. Hernández-Nicolás, Timothy H. Hsieh, Jiangyong Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Ionica, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, Th. Kirn, A. P. Klipfel, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. H. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, Shiliang Li, Z. H. Li, M. J. Liang, Pu Liao, Chao‐Hung Lin, Thomas Lippert, J. H. Liu, P. C. Liu, Zhen Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y.S. Lu, Junzhou Luo, Q. Luo, Shan Luo, Xi Luo, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, Y. Najafi Jozani, Riccardo Nicolaidis, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, Dario Pelosi, S. Pensotti, P. Pietzcker, V. Plyaskin, Stepan Poluianov, D. Pridöhl, Z. H. Qu, L. Quadrani, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, I. Rodríguez-García, Lisa Romaneehsen, F. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Z. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, A. Shukla, T. Siedenburg, A. Siemko, G. Silvestre, Jiwei Song, Xiaojian Song, R. Sonnabend, Lidia Strigari, T. Su, Qie Sun, Z. T. Sun, L. Tabarroni, M. Tacconi, Zichao Tang, Jie Tian, Y. Tian, Samuel C.C. Ting, S. M. Ting, Nicola Tomassetti, J. Torsti, Alessio Ubaldi, T. Urban, Ilya Usoskin, V. Vagelli, Rami Vainio, P. Väisänen, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, Alessandro Costa, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, C. X. Wang, J. C. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Qiuliang Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. M. Wang, Chuncheng Wei, Z. Weng, H. Wu, Y. Wu, Zhibin Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, Xianze Xiong, W. Xu, Qi Yan, H. Yang, Y. Yang, Han Yi, Y. H. You, Young Moon Yu, Z. Q. Yu, C. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Zi-Yan Zhang, Pei Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, M. Zuberi, P. Zuccon · 发表于：Physical Review Letters · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1103/physrevlett.134.051001 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics、Astro and Planetary Science、Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena

We report the properties of precision time structures of cosmic nuclei He, Li, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle from May 2011 to November 2022 in the rigidity range from 1.92 to 60.3 GV. The nuclei fluxes show similar but not identical time variations with amplitudes decreasing with increasing rigidity. In particular, below 3.64 GV the Li, Be, and B fluxes, and below 2.15 GV the C, N, and O fluxes, are significantly less affected by solar modulation than the He flux. We observe that these differences in solar modulation are linearly correlated with the differences in the spectral indices of the cosmic nuclei fluxes. This shows, in a model-independent way, that solar modulation of galactic cosmic nuclei depends on their spectral shape. In addition, solar modulation differences due to nuclei velocity dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio (A/Z) are not observed.