Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts

作者：Rachelle A. Pretorius, Demetris Avraam, Mònica Guxens, Jordi Júlvez, Jennifer Ruth Harris, Johanna Thorbjornsrud Nader, Tim Cadman, Ahmed Elhakeem, Katrine Strandberg‐Larsen, Hanan El Marroun, Serena Defina, Tiffany Yang, Rosie McEachan, John Wright, Jesús María Ibarluzea, Loreto Santa‐Marina, Juana Mari Delgado, Marisa Rebagliato, Marie-Aline A Charles, Chloe Vainqueur, Silvia Maritano, Daniela Zugna, Wen Lun Yuan, Barbara Heude, Rae‐Chi Huang · 发表于：BMC Pediatrics · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12887-024-05365-y · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Gestational Diabetes Research and Management、Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum、Birth, Development, and Health

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence shows that dysregulated metabolic intrauterine environments can affect offspring's neurodevelopment and behaviour. However, the results of individual cohort studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children. METHODS: Harmonised data from > 200 000 mother-child pairs across ten birth cohorts in Europe and Australia were available. Mother-child pairs were included for analysis to determine whether GDM was recorded (yes or no) and whether at least one neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcome was available in children aged 3 to 13 years. Confounder-adjusted regression models were used to estimate associations between maternal diabetes and child outcomes using two-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Model 1 included a crude estimate. The full adjustment model (model 2) included adjustment for child sex, maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, plurality, parity and maternal education. RESULTS: Children (aged 7-10 years) born to mothers with GDM had higher attention-deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD) symptoms compared to non-exposed controls (model 2, regression coefficient (β) 3.67 (95% CI 1.13, 6.20), P = 0.001). Moreover, children (aged 4-6 years) born to mothers with GDM exhibited more extern...