Characterization of Main Responsive Genes Reveals Their Regulatory Network Attended by Multi-Biological Metabolic Pathways in Paclobutrazol (PAC)-Modulated Grape Seed Development (GSD) at the Stone-Hardening Stage

作者：Rana Badar Aziz, Wei Ji, Qiqi Wu, Siyan Song, Hui Yang, Xinpeng Chen, Wang Ying, Ruiqiang Chao, Naila Mir Baz, Haitao Chen, Yuxuan Song, Jinggui Fang, Chen Wang · 发表于：International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/ijms26031102 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Plant Molecular Biology Research、Plant Reproductive Biology、Plant tissue culture and regeneration

Paclobutrazol (PAC) is a significant inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis that profoundly influences grape seed development (GSD) through the modulation of key molecular pathways. Here, we identified 6659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSD under PAC treatment, with 3601 up-regulated and 3058 down-regulated. An analysis of hormone-associated DEGs revealed that auxin-related genes (16) were the most up-regulated, followed by genes associated with brassinosteroid and ABA. In contrast, cytokinin- and gibberellin-related genes exhibited a suppressive response. PAC treatment also triggered extensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways, including 44 genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism (24 up-regulated, 20 down-regulated), 101 cell wall-related genes (53 up-regulated, 48 down-regulated), and 110 transcription factors (77 up-regulated, 33 down-regulated). A cis-element analysis of the promoters of 76 hormone-responsive genes identified 14 types of hormone-responsive cis-elements, with ABRE being the most prevalent. Genes responsible for inactivating active hormones, such as ABA-VvPP2CA, IAA-VvGH3.1, and CK-VvARR9-1, were also identified. Concurrently, PAC negatively regulated hormone-active genes, including BR-VvXTH25, SA-VvTGA21-3, and JA-VvTIFY3B, leading to reduced levels of these hormones. PAC modulates GSD by mediating the dynamic balance of multi-hormone accumulations. Furthermore, development-related cis-elements such as the AACA-motif, AAGAA-motif, AC-I,...