Systematic Review of Vaccine Strategies Against Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Cattle: Insights, Challenges, and Prospects

作者：Harvey M. Santos, G. Boe-Hansen, Hannah V. Siddle, Loan Nguyen, Ali Raza, Michael McGowan, Kieren McCosker, Ala E. Tabor · 发表于：Parasite Immunology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1111/pim.70003 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Reproductive tract infections research、Reproductive Physiology in Livestock、Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis) resulting in substantial economic loss in extensive grazing systems. The parasite colonises the reproductive tracts of both male and female cattle, being asymptomatic in males but causing early reproductive failure in infected females. This systematic review aimed to examine research manuscripts describing the development of T. foetus vaccines, the strategies employed, and the immune response associated with T. foetus infection. A systematic review was conducted using indexed sources on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to search for published vaccine development studies in English utilising either experimental or commercial T. foetus vaccines for bovine trichomonosis. Search terms (cattle, bull, heifer, vaccine, immune response, and Tritrichomonas foetus) were entered into the indexed sources and with no limit was set for the year of publication. Among 374 studies imported for screening, 96 were duplicates, and 255 were excluded for irrelevancy as these studies did not meet the inclusion criteria (report original data, vaccine tests in cattle, and used either commercial or experimental vaccines that incorporated antigens from T. foetus). A further five studies were excluded after full-text review as either the publication described a different target pathogen or the full text was not in English. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were subj...