Consumer-Grade Neurofeedback With Mindfulness Meditation: Meta-Analysis

作者：Isaac N. Treves, Zia Bajwa, Keara D. Greene, Paul Alexander Bloom, Nayoung Kim, Emma Wool, Simon B. Goldberg, Susan Whitfield‐Gabrieli, Randy P. Auerbach · 发表于：Journal of Medical Internet Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.2196/68204 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions、Sport Psychology and Performance、Music Therapy and Health

BACKGROUND: There is burgeoning interest in the application of neuroscientific technology to facilitate meditation and lead to beneficial psychological outcomes. One popular approach is using consumer-grade neurofeedback devices to deliver feedback on brain targets during meditation (mindfulness-based neurofeedback). It is hypothesized that optimizing brain targets like alpha and theta band activity may allow meditators to experience deeper mindfulness and thus beneficial outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the impacts of consumer-grade mindfulness-based neurofeedback compared with control conditions. Included studies involved mindfulness practice operationalized as open monitoring or focused attention meditation. This study was preregistered. METHODS: A total of 16 randomized controlled training trials, as well as 5 randomized within-participant designs were included, encompassing 763 and 167 unique participants, respectively. Effects were categorized outcomes (ie, psychological distress, cognitive function, and physiological health) and process variables (ie, state mindfulness and brain measures). Study risk of bias, reporting bias, and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS: < 0.25). However, there was no evidence for improvements in cognition (k=7, g=0.07, P=.48), mindfulness (k=9, g=0.02, P=.83), and physiological health (k=7, g=0.11, P=.57) compared to controls. Mechanistic modulation of brain targets was not found in RCTs or...