Agricultural lignocellulose biochar material in wastewater treatment: A critical review and sustainability assessment

作者：Aqib Zahoor, Xiao Liu, Yuxin Liu, Shengyong Liu, Yi Wang, Shahdev Sajnani, Lingyu Tai, Nadeem Tahir, Abdoulaye Boré, Mahaveer, Yuan Liu, Zia ur Rahman, Martina Damizia, Benedetta de Caprariis · 发表于：Environmental Functional Materials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.efmat.2024.12.005 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal、Recycling and Waste Management Techniques、Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions

Globally, roughly 380 trillion liters of wastewater are generated annually, with a significant portion remaining untreated due to expensive treatment and lack of expertise, consequently, leading severe environmental and public health problems. This research aims to identify the most environmentally sustainable and eco-friendly approach to wastewater treatment . Results shows that, agricultural lignocellulose-based biomass (ALCB) biochar is highly effective for wastewater treatment due to its abundance, cost-effectiveness, and excellent adsorption properties. The ability of sustaining high carbon content makes it a valuable carbon sink beneficial for the carbon reduction. Annually, ALCB is widely available as a byproduct in developing countries like China 716 (million tons) Mt, India 605 Mt, Brazil 451 Mt, Pakistan 285 Mt as well as in developed regions U.S.A 682 Mt, and Europe 580 Mt. Pyrolysis , gasification, and torrefaction are mostly used methods for ALCB biochar production. Physicochemical properties including surface area, porosity, functional groups, pH, and elemental composition notably affected by production methods, feedstock types and reactor designs determine the adsorption performance and environmental safety of ALCB biochar. The adsorption mechanisms of the organic and inorganic pollutant on biochar are ion exchange, complexation, electrostatic attraction, pore-filings, and physical adsorption, etc. LCA assessment revealed that the utilization of ALCB biochar on...