Peripheral blood PD-1+ T lymphocytes as biomarkers in liquid biopsies for solid tumors: Clinical significance and prognostic applications

作者：Mingjian Piao, Nan Zhang, Jiongyuan Li, Chengjie Li, Ziyu Xun, Longhao Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Boyu Sun, Shuofeng Li, Yang Xu, Yang Xu, Xiaobo Yang, Xiaobo Yang, Hanping Wang, Haitao Zhao · 发表于：International Immunopharmacology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114052 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、CAR-T cell therapy research、Cancer Cells and Metastasis

• In this narrative review, we provide an overview of circulating PD-1 + T lymphocytes’ role and implications in solid tumors. • We detail the use of circulating PD-1 + T lymphocytes for tumor diagnosis and predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. • We summarize PD-1 + T-lymphocyte-related clinical studies and their progress in the coming years. Future large-sample studies should be conducted for more subdivided T-cell subpopulations in a single tumor type. • We briefly discuss research perspectives regarding drug development for PD-1 + T lymphocytes, exploration of the tumor immune microenvironment. A shift toward a T cell exhaustion phenotype is associated with the upregulation of expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes in patients with malignant solid tumors. The interaction between PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibits PD-1 + T lymphocyte function, impacting their anti-tumor immune activity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have revolutionized the treatment of various solid malignancies, improving therapeutic efficacy and survival outcomes. Peripheral blood analysis of liquid biopsies is being increasingly used to identify populations most likely to benefit from various treatment modalities. PD-1 + T lymphocytes represent the primary cell population responsive to immunotherapeutic interventions for patients with solid malignancies, as evidenced by the altered PD-1 expression levels a...