Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees

作者：Harrison J. Ostridge, Claudia Fontsere, Esther Lizano, Daniela C. Soto, Joshua M. Schmidt, Vrishti Saxena, Marina Álvarez-Estapé, Christopher D. Barratt, Paolo Gratton, Gaëlle Bocksberger, Jack D. Lester, Paula Dieguez, Anthony Agbor, Samuel Angedakin, Alfred Kwabena Assumang, Emma Bailey, Donatienne Barubiyo, Mattia Bessone, Gregory Brazzola, Rebecca Chancellor, Heather Cohen, Charlotte Coupland, Emmanuel Danquah, Tobias Deschner, Laia Dotras, Jef Dupain, Villard Ebot Egbe, Anne‐Céline Granjon, Josephine Head, Daniela Hedwig, Veerle Hermans, R. Adriana Hernández‐Aguilar, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Parag Kadam, Michael T. Kaiser, Ammie K. Kalan, Mbangi Kambere, Ivonne Kienast, Deo Kujirakwinja, Kevin E. Langergraber, Juan Lapuente, Bradley Larson, Anne Laudisoit, Kevin Lee, Manuel Llana, Giovanna Maretti, Rumen Martín, Amelia Meier, David Morgan, Emily Neil, Sonia Nicholl, Stuart Nixon, Emmanuelle Normand, Christopher Orbell, Lucy Jayne Ormsby, Robinson Orume, Liliana Pacheco, Jodie Preece, Sébastien Regnaut, Martha M. Robbins, Aaron Rundus, Crickette Sanz, Lilah Sciaky, Volker Sommer, Fiona A. Stewart, Nikki Tagg, Luc Roscelin Dongmo Tédonzong, Joost van Schijndel, Elleni Vendras, Erin G. Wessling, Jacob Willie, Roman M. Wittig, Yisa Ginath Yuh, Kyle Yurkiw, Linda Vigilant, A. Piel, Christophe Boesch, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Megan Y. Dennis, Tomàs Marquès‐Bonet, Mimi Arandjelovic, Aida M. Andrés · 发表于：Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1126/science.adn7954 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Primate Behavior and Ecology、Wildlife Ecology and Conservation、Animal Behavior and Reproduction

How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet, we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species, such as nonhuman great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly notable because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite it having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. By using newly sequenced exomes from 828 wild chimpanzees (388 postfiltering), we found evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat, with signatures of positive selection in forest chimpanzees in the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of noninvasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.