JUNO sensitivity to invisible decay modes of neutrons

作者：Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Kai Adamowicz, S. Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, S. Aiello, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Н. Анфимов, V. Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, J. P. A. M. de André, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, Nikita Balashov, W. Baldini, Andrea Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, Marco Bellato, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, D. Bick, Lukas Bieger, S. Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, Iwan Blake, S.C. Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, M. Bongrand, D. Breton, A. Brigatti, R. Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, A. Budano, José Busto, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, X. Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, S. Callier, S. Calvez, Antonio Cammi, Agustín Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, R. Caruso, C. Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, J. F. Chang, Yun Chang, Auttakit Chatrabhuti, Chao Chen, Guoming Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Xin Chen, Yiming Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zelin Chen, Zhangming Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zikang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, Davide Chiesa, P. Chimenti, Yen-Ting Chin, Po-Lin Chou, Ziliang Chu, A. Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, B. Clerbaux, Marta Colomer Molla, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Alberto Coppi, Daniele Corti, Simon Csakli, Chenyang Cui, F. Dal Corso, Olivia Dalager, Jaydeep Datta, C. De La Taille, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Carsten Dittrich, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeáš Dohnal, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Georgy Donchenko, J. Dong, E. Doroshkevich, Wei Dou, M. Dracos, F. Druillole, Ran Du, Shuxian Du, Yujie Duan, Katherine Dugas, S. Dusini, Hongyue Duyang, Jessica Eck, T. Enqvist, Andrea Fabbri, Ulrike Fahrendholz, Lei Fan, Jian Fang, Wenxing Fang, Dmitry Fedoseev, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Feng, F. Ferraro, Amélie Fournier, Fritsch Fritsch, Haonan Gan, Feng Gao, Feng Gao, A. Garfagnini, Arsenii Gavrikov, Marco Giammarchi, Nunzio Giudice, M. Gonchar, G. Gong, Hui Gong, Y. Gornushkin, M. Grassi, M. Gromov, Vasily Gromov, M. H. Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Y. T. Gu, Mengyun Guan, Yuduo Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Rosa Maria Guizzetti, Cong Guo, Wanlei Guo, Caren Hagner, Hechong Han, Ran Han, Yang Han, Jinhong He, Miao He, Wei He, Xinhai He, Tobias Heinz, Patrick Hellmuth, Y. K. Heng, R. S. Herrera, YuenKeung Hor, S. Hou, Y. Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, H. Hu, Jun Hu, Peng Hu, Shouyang Hu, Tao Hu, Yuxiang Hu, Zhuojun Hu, Guihong Huang, Hanxiong Huang, Jinhao Huang, J. Huang, K. X. Huang, Shengheng Huang, Wenhao Huang, X. T. Huang, Xingtao Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Wenju Huo, Cédric Huss, S. Hussain, Léonard Imbert, Ara Ioannisian, R. Isocrate, Arshak Jafar, Beatrice Jelmini, Ignacio Jeria, X. L. Ji, Huihui Jia, Junji Jia, Siyu Jian, Cailian Jiang, Di Jiang, Guangzheng Jiang, Wei Jiang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Xiaozhao Jiang, Yixuan Jiang, Xiaoping Jing, C. Jollet, Li Kang, Rebin Karaparabil, Narine Kazarian, Ali Zamir Khan, Amina Khatun, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, Denis Korablev, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Krasnoperov, Sergey Kuleshov, S. Kumaran, Nikolay Kutovskiy, Loïc Labit, Tobias Lachenmaier, Haojing Lai, Cecilia Landini, Sébastien Leblanc, F. Lefèvre, Ruiting Lei, R. Leitner, Jason Leung, Demin Li, Fei Li, Fule Li, Gaosong Li, Hongjian Li, Li Huang, Jiajun Li, M. H. Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Ruhui Li, Rui Li, Shanfeng Li, Shuo Li, Tao Li, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xinglong Li, Yi Li, Yi‐Chen Li, Yufeng Li, Zhaohan Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Zonghai Li, An-An Liang, Hao Liang, Hao Liang, Jiajun Liao, Yilin Liao, Yuzhong Liao, A. Limphirat, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, Tao Lin, Jiajie Ling, Ling Xin, Ivano Lippi, Caimei Liu, Fang Liu, Feng‐Cheng Liu, Haidong Liu, Jianchun Li, H. Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hongyang Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jiaxi Liu, Jinchang Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu, Shenghui Liu, Shubin Liu, Shulin Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Xiwen Liu, Xuewei Liu, Yankai Liu, Zhen Liu, Lorenzo Loi, Alexey Lokhov, P. Lombardi, Claudio Lombardo, Kai Loo, Chuan Lu, H. Q. Lu, Jingbin Lu, J. S. Lu, Meishu Lu, Peizhi Lu, Shuxiang Lü, X.-G. Lu, Б. К. Лубсандоржиев, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Arslan Lukanov, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Jianyi Luo, Shu Luo, W. Luo, Xiaojie Luo, Vladimir Lyashuk, Bangzheng Ma, Bing Ma, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Xubo Ma, Jihane Maalmi, Jingyu Mai, Marco Malabarba, Yury Malyshkin, Roberto Carlos Mandujano, Fabio Mantovani, Xin Mao, Yajun Mao, Stefano M. Mari, Filippo Marini, A. Martini, Matthias Mayer, Davit Mayilyan, Ints Mednieks, Yue Meng, Anita Meraviglia, A. Meregaglia, Emanuela Meroni, L. Miramonti, Nikhil Mohan, M. Montuschi, Cristobal Morales Reveco, M. Nastasi, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena N. Naumova, D. Navas-Nicolás, I. Nemchenok, Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi, Alexey Nikolaev, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Lothar Oberauer, J. P. Ochoa‐Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, Domizia Orestano, F. Ortica, Rainer Othegraven, A. Paoloni, George Parker, S. Parmeggiano, Achilleas Patsias, Yatian Pei, Luca Pelicci, Anguo Peng, H. Peng, Yu Peng, Zhaoyuan Peng, E. Percalli, Willy Perrin, F. Perrot, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, F. Petrucci, Oliver Pilarczyk, Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico, Artyom Popov, Pascal Poussot, E. Previtali, F. Z. Qi, Ming Qi, Xiaohui Qi, S. Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Z. Qian, Hao Qiao, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Manhao Qu, Zhenning Qu, Gioacchino Ranucci, Alessandra Re, Abdel Rebii, M. Redchuk, Gioele Reina, Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Yuhan Ren, Bernardo Ricci, Komkrit Rientong, Mariam Rifai, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, A. Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Xichao Ruan, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, P. Saggese, Deshan Sandanayake, Anut Sangka, Giuseppe Sava, Utane Sawangwit, Michaela Schever, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, M. Settimo, Junyu Shao, Vladislav Sharov, H. Shi, Jingyan Shi, Yanan Shi, Vitaly Shutov, Andrey Sidorenkov, F. Šimkovic, Apeksha Singhal, C. Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, M. Sisti, Mikhail Smirnov, O. Smirnov, С. В. Соколов, Julanan Songwadhana, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, A. Sotnikov, Warintorn Sreethawong, Achim Stahl, Luca Stanco, Konstantin Stankevich, Hans Steiger, Jochen Steinmann, Tobias Sterr, Matthias Raphael Stock, Virginia Strati, Michail Strizh, Alexander Studenikin, Aoqi Su, Jun Su, Jun Su, Guangbao Sun, Shifeng Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongjie Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Zhengyang Sun, N. Suwonjandee, A. Takenaka, Xiaohan Tan, J. Tang, Jingzhe Tang, Qiang Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Vidhya Thara Hariharan, Igor Tkachev, Tomáš Tměj, Marco Danilo Claudio Torri, Andrea Triossi, W. H. Trzaska, Yu-Chen Tung, C. Tuvé, Nikita Ushakov, Vadim Vedin, Carlo Venettacci, G. Verde, Maxim Vialkov, B. Viaud, Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht, K. von Sturm, V. Vorobel, Д. Воронин, L. Votano, Pablo Walker, Caishen Wang, Chung-Hsiang Wang, En Wang, Guoli Wang, Hanwen Wang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Li Wang, Lu Wang, Meng Wang, Meng Wang, Mingyuan Wang, Qianchuan Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Sibo Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, X. L. Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Yangfu Wang, Wang Yaoguang, Yi Wang, Yi Wang, Yifang Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Yuyi Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Apimook Watcharangkool, Wei Wei, Wei Wei, Wenlu Wei, Yadong Wei, Yuehuan Wei, Liangjian Wen, Jun Weng, C. H. Wiebusch, Rosmarie Wirth, Chengxin Wu, Diru Wu, Qun Wu, Yinhui Wu, Yiyang Wu, Zhi Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Christian Wysotzki, Yufei Xi, Dongmei Xia, Shishen Xian, Ziqian Xiang, Fei Xiao, Xiang Xiao, Xiaochuan Xie, Yijun Xie, Yuguang Xie, Zhao Xin, Zhi‐zhong Xing, Benda Xu, Cheng Xu, Donglian Xu, Fanrong Xu, Hangkun Xu, Jiayang Xu, Jilei Xu, Jing Xu, Jinghuan Xu, Meihang Xu, Xun-Jie Xu, Yin Xu, Yu Xu, Baojun Yan, Qiyu Yan, Taylor Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Yupeng Yan, Changgen Yang, Cheng-Feng Yang, Fengfan Yang, Jie Yang, Lei Yang, Pengfei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Y. F. Yang, Yixiang Yang, Zekun Yang, Haifeng Yao, Jiaxuan Ye, Ziping Ye, Ziping Ye, F. Yermia, Z. You, Boxiang Yu, C. Y. Yu, Chunxu Yu, Guojun Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Miao Yu, Xianghui Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Cenxi Yuan, Chengzhuo Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Bin Yue, Noman Zafar, Kirill Zamogilnyi, Vitalii Zavadskyi, Fanrui Zeng, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Yuda Zeng, Liang Zhan, Aiqiang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Binting Zhang, Feiyang Zhang, Hangchang Zhang, Haosen Zhang, Honghao Zhang, Jialiang Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Jinnan Zhang, Junwei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Peng Zhang, P. Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuihan Zhang, Siyuan Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xin Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Yibing Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Jie Zhao, Rong Zhao, Runze Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Tianhao Zhao, H. Zheng, Yangheng Zheng, Jing Zhou, L. P. Zhou, Nan Zhou, Shun Zhou, Tong Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Xing Zhou, Jingsen Zhu, Kangfu Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Zhihang Zhu, B. A. Zhuang, Honglin Zhuang, Liang Zong, J. H. Zou · 发表于：The European Physical Journal C · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13638-0 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research、Neutrino Physics Research、Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena

Abstract We explore the decay of bound neutrons in the JUNO liquid scintillator detector into invisible particles (e.g., $$n\rightarrow 3 \nu $$ n → 3 ν or $$nn \rightarrow 2 \nu $$ n n → 2 ν ), which do not produce an observable signal. The invisible decay includes two decay modes: $$ n \rightarrow { inv} $$ n → inv and $$ nn \rightarrow { inv} $$ n n → inv . The invisible decays of s -shell neutrons in $$^{12}\textrm{C}$$ 12 C will leave a highly excited residual nucleus. Subsequently, some de-excitation modes of the excited residual nuclei can produce a time- and space-correlated triple coincidence signal in the JUNO detector. Based on a full Monte Carlo simulation informed with the latest available data, we estimate all backgrounds, including inverse beta decay events of the reactor antineutrino $${\bar{\nu }}_e$$ ν ¯ e , natural radioactivity, cosmogenic isotopes and neutral current interactions of atmospheric neutrinos. Pulse shape discrimination and multivariate analysis techniques are employed to further suppress backgrounds. With two years of exposure, JUNO is expected to give an order of magnitude improvement compared to the current best limits. After 10 years of data taking, the JUNO expected sensitivities at a 90% confidence level are $$\tau /B( n \rightarrow { inv} ) > 5.0 \times 10^{31} \, \textrm{years}$$ τ / B ( n → inv ...