PFAS contamination in tap water: Target and suspect screening of zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic species across Canada and beyond

作者：Termeh Teymoorian, Gabriel Munoz, Sébastien Sauvé · 发表于：Environment International · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2025.109250 · 被引用次数：31 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Air Quality and Health Impacts

• Comprehensive assessment of 275 PFAS using target and suspect screening in tap water. • PFAS contamination confirmed in tap water from 21 countries (2021–2023) • PFAS hotspots linked to AFFF sites, landfills, and chemical industries. • Suspect screening reveals certain unregulated PFAS for the first time. • Bistriflimide was detected in 46% of tap water samples from multiple countries. This study investigated the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic compounds, in drinking water. Between 2021–2023, an expanded list of 76 target PFAS was screened in tap water samples mainly from Canada, but also including tap water samples from the Eastern United States, Mexico, South America (Argentina), the Caribbean (Dominican Republic, Cuba), Africa (Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Morocco, Rwanda, Tunisia), Europe (France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Asia (Japan, Vietnam, Iran, and Türkiye). An additional ∼ 200 suspect-target PFAS were screened using high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The results revealed widespread contamination of PFAS in tap water. The most frequent were perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) with detection rates of ≥ 79 %. Several PFAS not currently included in EPA methods for drinking water revealed region-specific trends. For instance, emerging zwitterionic 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonami...