Fat Body Metabolome Revealed Glutamine Metabolism Pathway Involved in Prepupal Apis mellifera Responding to Cold Stress

作者：Xinjian Xu, Mingjie Cao, Chenyu Zhu, Lan Mo, Huajiao Huang, Jiaying Xie, Bingfeng Zhou, Shujing Zhou, Xiangjie Zhu · 发表于：Insects · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/insects16010037 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior、Insect and Pesticide Research、Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research

Thermal condition affects the development and growth of ectotherms. The stenothermic honeybee brood, particularly the prepupae, are sensitive to low rearing temperature. The fat body plays important roles in energy reserve and metabolism during the honeybee brood development. To date, the fat body metabolic changes in prepupae responding to cold stress have not been completely understood. In this study, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based non-target metabolome was analyzed between the cold-treated (CT, 20 °C, 36 h) and control (CK, 35 °C) fat body in prepupal honeybees. The fat body metabolomic data showed that the levels of 1860 and 254 metabolites were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in cold-stressed prepupae. These altered metabolites, glutamine, glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and oxidized glutathione, were significantly enriched into glutamine metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the expression levels of glutamine metabolism-related genes, glutaminase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT-1 and GGT-7), were significantly decreased in cold-exposed prepupae compared with the control groups. Meanwhile, the oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but not the reduced glutathione (GSH) content, was increased in the cold-exposed group compared with controls. Collectively, our data revealed the fat body metabolomic changes in larva-to-pupa tran...