A Narrative Review of Key Risk Factors for Severe Illness Following SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

作者：Angela R Branche, Mayur Ramesh, Beverly M. Francis · 发表于：Infectious Diseases and Therapy · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1007/s40121-024-01081-3 · 被引用次数：44 · 研究领域：Respiratory viral infections research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies、Respiratory Support and Mechanisms

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are highly infectious respiratory viruses that affect people of all ages and are typically associated with mild symptoms and few complications in immunocompetent individuals. However, the risk of severe outcomes (e.g., hospitalization and death) following infection with these respiratory viruses is higher in certain populations, including older adults and individuals of certain race/ethnic and sociodemographic groups. Additionally, immunocompromising conditions and pre-existing comorbidities, including underlying cardiovascular (e.g., congestive heart failure) and respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, are key factors that predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2-, influenza-, and RSV-related severe outcomes. Increased risk for severe outcomes associated with advancing age and comorbidities is compounded by residence in long-term care facilities due to the enhanced spread of respiratory infections in congregate living environments. In this narrative review, risk factors associated with severe outcomes following infection with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV in adult populations are explored. Additionally, distinct clinical outcomes based on underlying comorbidities following infection are discussed in the context of high-risk populations. Factors unique to each virus that underpin distinct risk pr...