One Health Field Approach Applied to Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Across Humans, Animals and the Environment

作者：Andrea Antoniolli, Hélène Guis, Mathieu Picardeau, Cyrille Goarant, Claude Flamand · 发表于：Open Forum Infectious Diseases · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1093/ofid/ofae757 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Leptospirosis research and findings、Zoonotic diseases and public health、Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research

Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis transmitted through urine of infected hosts or contaminated environments. The transmission of bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment underscores the necessity of a One Health approach. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify significant findings and challenges in One Health research on leptospirosis, focusing on studies involving sampling in ≥2 of the 3 compartments: human, animal, and environment. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1 January 1918 to 31 December 2022. We assessed risk of bias in studies using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and performed a meta-analysis to identify links between One Health compartments. Results: Of 1082 leptospirosis studies with sampling, 102 multicompartmental studies conducted between 1972 and 2022 were included: 70 human-Animal, 18 animal-environment, 4 human-environment, and 10 across all compartments. Various methodological weaknesses were identified, from study design to statistical analysis. Meta-regressions identified positive associations between human and animal seroprevalences, particularly with livestock and with wild nonrodent animals, and a link between the environmental positivity rate and domestic animal seroprevalence. Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of studies included and by the quality of protocols. Conclusions: This 50-year overview of One Health field approach to leptospirosis highl...