Plasma-wall interaction impact of the ITER re-baseline

作者：R.A. Pitts, A. Loarte, T. Wauters, M. Dubrov, Y. Gribov, F. Köchl, A. A. Pshenov, Y. Zhang, F.J. Artola, X. Bonnin, L. Chen, M. Lehnen, K. Schmid, Rui Ding, H. Frerichs, R. Futtersack, Xin Gong, Gerjan Hagelaar, E.A. Hodille, J. Hobirk, S. Krat, D. Matveev, K. Paschalidis, J.P. Qian, S. Ratynskaia, Tommaso Rizzi, V. Rozhansky, P. Tamain, P. Tolias, Ling Zhang, Wei Zhang · 发表于：Nuclear Materials and Energy · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.nme.2024.101854 · 被引用次数：86 · 研究领域：Magnetic confinement fusion research、Fusion materials and technologies、Nuclear reactor physics and engineering

• Reviews the outstanding plasma-wall interaction issues for the 2024 ITER re-baseline and highlights important areas for further R&D. • Summarizes the re-baseline Research Plan and demonstrates that the switch to tungsten should not pose a high risk to ITER’s Q = 10 objective. • Explains the basis for the boronization system, assesses worst case fuel retention during DT campaigns and outlines strategy for fuel recovery. • Addresses the issue of plasma start-up on tungsten surfaces and derives new boundary conditions for the limiter phase of scenario simulations. • Discusses unmitigated disruption transients and describes new assessment of likely runaway induced damage on tungsten first wall armour. To mitigate the impact of technical delays, provide a more rationalized approach to the safety demonstration and move forward as rapidly as possible to a reactor relevant materials choice, the ITER Organization embarked in 2023 on a significant re-baselining exercise. Central to this strategy is the elimination of beryllium (Be) first wall (FW) armour in favour of tungsten (W), placing plasma-wall interaction (PWI) centre stage of this new proposal. The switch to W comes with a modified Research Plan in which a first “Start of Research Operation” (SRO) campaign will use an inertially cooled, temporary FW, allowing experience to be gained with disruption mitigation without risking damage to the complex water-cooled panels to be installed for later DT operation. Conservative assessm...