The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity

作者：Md. Sharifull Islam, Ping Wei, Md Suzauddula, Ishatur Nime, Farahnaaz Feroz, Mrityunjoy Acharjee, Fan Pan · 发表于：Molecular Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s10020-024-01019-y · 被引用次数：161 · 研究领域：Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases、Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Lipid metabolism and disorders

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an indicator and diverse endocrine syndrome that combines different metabolic defects with clinical, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors. Obesity, visceral adiposity and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and acute or chronic inflammation are the risk factors associated with MetS. Abdominal obesity, a hallmark of MetS, highlights dysfunctional fat tissue and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Insulin, a vital peptide hormone, regulates glucose metabolism throughout the body. When cells become resistant to insulin's effects, it disrupts various molecular pathways, leading to IR. This condition is linked to a range of disorders, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Atherogenic dyslipidemia is characterized by three key factors: high levels of small, low-dense lipoprotein (LDL) particles and triglycerides, alongside low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the "good" cholesterol. Such a combination is a major player in MetS, where IR is a driving force. Atherogenic dyslipidemia contributes significantly to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. On top of that, genetic alteration and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise influence the complexity and progression of MetS. To enhance our understanding and consciousness, it is essent...