The design and technology development of the JUNO central detector

作者：Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, S. Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, S. Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Abid Aleem, Tsagkarakis Alexandros, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Н. Анфимов, V. Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, J. P. A. M. de André, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, N. Balashov, W. Baldini, Andrea Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, M. Bellato, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, D. Bick, Thilo Birkenfeld, David Blum, S.C. Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, D. Breton, A. Brigatti, R. Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, A. Budano, José Busto, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, X. Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, S. Callier, Antonio Cammi, Agustín Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, R. Caruso, C. Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, Chi Kuen Chan, J. F. Chang, Yun Chang, Guoming Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zikang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Cheng, A. Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, D. Chiesa, P. Chimenti, Ziliang Chu, A. Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, B. Clerbaux, Marta Colomer Molla, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Alberto Coppi, Daniele Corti, Flavio Dal Corso, Olivia Dalager, C. De La Taille, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Wilfried Depnering, Marco Diaz, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeáš Dohnal, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Georgy Donchenko, J. Dong, E. Doroshkevich, Wei Dou, M. Dracos, F. Druillole, Ran Du, Shuxian Du, S. Dusini, Hongyue Duyang, T. Enqvist, Andrea Fabbri, Ulrike Fahrendholz, Lei Fan, J. Fang, Wenxing Fang, Marco Fargetta, Dmitry Fedoseev, Zhengyong Fei, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Feng, F. Ferraro, Amélie Fournier, Haonan Gan, Feng Gao, A. Garfagnini, Arsenii Gavrikov, M. Giammarchi, Nunzio Giudice, M. Gonchar, G. H. Gong, Hui Gong, Y. Gornushkin, Alexandre Göttel, Marco Grassi, M. Gromov, Vasily Gromov, M. H. Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Y. T. Gu, Mengyun Guan, Yuduo Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Cong Guo, Wanlei Guo, Xin-Heng Guo, Yuhang Guo, Caren Hagner, Ran Han, Yang Han, Jiajun Hao, Miao He, Wei He, Tobias Heinz, Patrick Hellmuth, Y. K. Heng, Rafael Herrera, YuenKeung Hor, S. Hou, Y. Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, H. Hu, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, Shouyang Hu, Tao Hu, Yuxiang Hu, Z. Hu, Guihong Huang, Han‐Xiong Huang, Kaixi Huang, K. X. Huang, Wenhao Huang, Xin Huang, Xingtao Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Wenju Huo, Cédric Huss, Safeer Hussain, Ara Ioannisian, R. Isocrate, Beatrice Jelmini, Ignacio Jeria, X. L. Ji, Huihui Jia, Junji Jia, Siyu Jian, Di Jiang, Wei Jiang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Xiaoping Jing, C. Jollet, Philipp Kampmann, Lucas Kang, Rebin Karaparambil, Narine Kazarian, Ali Zamir Khan, Amina Khatun, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, Denis Korablev, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Krasnoperov, Nikolay Kutovskiy, P. Kuusiniemi, Tobias Lachenmaier, Cecilia Landini, Sébastien Leblanc, Victor Lebrin, Frédéric Lefèvre, Ruiting Lei, R. Leitner, Jason Leung, Daozheng Li, Demin Li, Li Fei, Fule Li, Gaosong Li, Hui-Ling Li, Mengzhao Li, Min Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Ruhui Li, Rui Li, Shanfeng Li, Tao Li, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xinglong Li, Xiwen Li, Yi Li, Yufeng Li, Yufeng Li, Zepeng Li, Zhaohan Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Zonghai Li, Hao Liang, Hao Liang, Jiajun Liao, A. Limphirat, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, T. Lin, Jiajie Ling, I. Lippi, Caimei Liu, Fang Liu, Haidong Liu, Haotian Liu, H. Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hui Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jinchang Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu, Shubin Liu, Shu‐Lin Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Xiwen Liu, Yan Liu, Yunzhe Liu, Alexey Lokhov, P. Lombardi, Claudio Lombardo, Kai Loo, Chuan Lu, Haoqi Lu, Jingbin Lu, Jun-Guang Lü, Peizhi Lu, Shuxiang Lu, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Arslan Lukanov, Daibin Luo, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Jianyi Luo, Shu Luo, W. Luo, Xiaojie Luo, X. L. Luo, Vladimir Lyashuk, Bangzheng Ma, Bing Ma, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, X. Y. Ma, Xubo Ma, Jihane Maalmi, Marco Magoni, Jihane Maalmi, Marco Magoni, Jingyu Mai, Yury Malyshkin, Roberto Carlos Mandujano, Fabio Mantovani, Xin Mao, Yajun Mao, Stefano M. Mari, F. Marini, A. Martini, Matthias Mayer, Davit Mayilyan, Ints Mednieks, Yue Meng, Anita Meraviglia, Anselmo Meregaglia, Emanuela Meroni, David Meyhöfer, Mauro Mezzetto, Lino Miramonti, P. Montini, M. Montuschi, Axel Müller, M. Nastasi, D. Naumov, Elena Naumova, D. Navas-Nicolás, I. Nemchenok, Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi, Alexey Nikolaev, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Lothar Oberauer, J. P. Ochoa‐Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, D. Orestano, F. Ortica, Rainer Othegraven, A. Paoloni, Sergio Parmeggiano, Yatian Pei, Luca Pelicci, Anguo Peng, Haiping Peng, Peng Yu, Zhaoyuan Peng, F. Perrot, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, Fabrizio Petrucci, Oliver Pilarczyk, Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico, Artyom Popov, Pascal Poussot, E. Previtali, F. Z. Qi, Ming Qi, Sen Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Z. Qian, Hao Qiao, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Gioacchino Ranucci, Reem Rasheed, A. Re, Abdel Rebii, M. Redchuk, Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Barbara Ricci, Mariam Rifai, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, Narongkiat Rodphai, A. Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Xichao Ruan, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, P. Saggese, S. Sanfilippo, Anut Sangka, Utane Sawangwit, Julia Sawatzki, Michaela Schever, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, Giulio Settanta, M. Settimo, Zhuang Shao, Vladislav Sharov, Arina Shaydurova, Jingyan Shi, Yanan Shi, Vitaly Shutov, Andrey Sidorenkov, F. Šimkovic, C. Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, Monica Sisti, Maciej Slupecki, Mikhail Smirnov, Oleg Smirnov, T. J. C. Bezerra, Sergey Sokolov, Wuying Song, Julanan Songwadhana, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, A. Sotnikov, Ondřej Šrámek, Warintorn Sreethawong, A. Stahl, Luca Stanco, Konstantin Stankevich, Dušan Štefánik, Hans Steiger, Jochen Steinmann, Tobias Sterr, Matthias Raphael Stock, Virginia Strati, Alexander Studenikin, Jun Su, S. Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongjie Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Zhengyang Sun, N. Suwonjandee, Michal Szelezniak, Akira Takenaka, J. Tang, Qiang Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Vidhya Thara Hariharan, Eric Theisen, Alexander Tietzsch, Igor Tkachev, Tomas Tmej, Marco Danilo Claudio Torri, F. Tortorici, Konstantin Treskov, Andrea Triossi, Riccardo Triozzi, Giancarlo Troni, W. H. Trzaska, Yu-Chen Tung, C. Tuvé, Nikita Ushakov, Vadim Vedin, G. Verde, Maxim Vialkov, Benoit Viaud, Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht, K. von Sturm, V. Vorobel, Д. Воронин, Lucia Votano, Pablo Walker, Derun Wang, En Wang, Derun Wang, En Wang, Jun Wang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Lu Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Siguang Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, X. L. Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Yi Wang, Yi Wang, Y. F. Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Yuman Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Apimook Watcharangkool, Wenlu Wei, Yadong Wei, Kaile Wen, Yadong Wei, Kaile Wen, Liangjian Wen, Jun Weng, C. H. Wiebusch, Rosmarie Wirth, Bjoern Wonsak, Diru Wu, Qun Wu, Shuai Wu, Zhi Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Christian Wysotzki, Yufei Xi, Dongmei Xia, Xiang Xiao, Xiaochuan Xie, Yuguang Xie, Zhangquan Xie, Xin Zhao, Zhi‐zhong Xing, Benda Xu, Cheng Xu, D. L. Xu, Fanrong Xu, Hangkun Xu, Jilei Xu, Jing Xu, M. Xu, Yin Xu, Yu Xu, Baojun Yan, Qiyu Yan, Taylor Yan, Wenqi Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Yupeng Yan, Changgen Yang, Chengfeng Yang, Jie Yang, Lei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yifan Yang, Yifan Yang, Haifeng Yao, Jiaxuan Ye, Frédéric Yermia, Ziping Ye, Frédéric Yermia, Z. You, Boxiang Yu, Chiye Yu, Chunxu Yu, Guojun Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Miao Yu, Xianghui Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Zezhong Yu, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Bin Yue, Noman Zafar, Vitalii Zavadskyi, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Yuda Zeng, Liang Zhan, Aiqiang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Binting Zhang, Feiyang Zhang, H. H. Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Jinnan Zhang, Mohan Zhang, Peng Zhang, Mohan Zhang, Peng Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Shu Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Xin Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, J. Y. Zhao, Rong Zhao, Runze Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Dongqin Zheng, Hua Zheng, Y. Zheng, Weirong Zhong, Jing Zhou, Li Zhou, Nan Zhou, Shun Zhou, Tong Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Jingsen Zhu, Kangfu Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, B. A. Zhuang, Honglin Zhuang, Liang Zong, J. H. Zou, Sebastian Zwickel · 发表于：The European Physical Journal Plus · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05830-8 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Neutrino Physics Research、Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies

Abstract The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large-scale neutrino experiment with multiple physics goals including determining the neutrino mass hierarchy, the accurate measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters, the neutrino detection from supernovae, the Sun, and the Earth, etc. JUNO puts forward physically and technologically stringent requirements for its central detector (CD), including a large volume and target mass (20 kt liquid scintillator, LS), a high-energy resolution (3% at 1 MeV), a high light transmittance, the largest possible photomultiplier (PMT) coverage, the lowest possible radioactive background, etc. The CD design, using a spherical acrylic vessel with a diameter of 35.4 m to contain the LS and a stainless steel structure to support the acrylic vessel and PMTs, was chosen and optimized. The acrylic vessel and the stainless steel structure will be immersed in pure water to shield the radioactive background and bear great buoyancy. The challenging requirements of the acrylic sphere have been achieved, such as a low intrinsic radioactivity and high transmittance of the manufactured acrylic panels, the tensile and compressive acrylic node design with embedded stainless steel pad, and one-time polymerization for multiple bonding lines. Moreover, several technical challenges of the stainless steel structure have been solved: the production of low radioactivity stainless steel material, the deformation and precision control during produ...