The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

作者：Damian Santomauro, Holly E Erskine, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Paul Miller, Jamileh Shadid, Hailey Hagins, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Ayman Ahmed, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Usman Ali, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Sami Almustanyir, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Yasser Sami Amer, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Catherine M Antony, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Tahira Ashraf, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos, Amadou Barrow, Kavita Batra, Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Gabrielle B. Britton, João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, Ferrán Catalá-López, Arthur Caye, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Yuen Yu Chong, Liliana G Ciobanu, Samuele Cortese, Natália Martins, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Xiaochen Dai, Amira Hamed Darwish, Mohsen Dashti, Alejandro de la Torre-Luque, Daniel Díaz, Delaney D Ding, Angel Belle C. Dy, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, Sepideh Ebrahimi Meimand, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou El Meligy, Iman El Sayed, Frank J. Elgar, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Pawan Faris, André Faro, Nuno Ferreira, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Aravind P. Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Bardiya Ghaderi Yazdi, Mohammad‐Reza Ghasemi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Sasidhar Gunturu, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Gupta, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Brian J. Hall, Fulei Han, Josep María Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Simon I Hay, Darren Hedley, Bartosz Helfer, Md Mahbub Hossain, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Umar Ibrahim, Mehran Ilaghi, Md. Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Khushleen Jaggi, Haitham Jahrami, Elham Jamshidi, Ali Khaleghi, Abdul Aziz Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Kwanghyun Kim, Hyun Yong Koh, Manasi Kumar, Iván Landires, Long Khanh‐Dao Le, Seung Won Lee, Zhihui Li, Stephen S Lim, Jose Martinez-Raga, Roy Rillera Marzo, Indu Liz Matthew, Andrea Maugeri, Tomislav Meštrović, Philip B. Mitchell, Salahuddin Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Fateme Montazeri, Matías Mrejen, Faraz Mughal, Christopher J L Murray, Woojae Myung, Javaid Nauman, Charles R. Newton, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Adeolu Oladunjoye, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Michał Ordak, Nikita Otstavnov, Raúl Felipe Palma-Álvarez, Romil R Parikh, Seoyeon Park, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Marcos Pereira, Maria Odete Pereira, Michael Phillips, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Mohammad Pourfridoni, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir M. Rahmani, Masoud Rahmati, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Taeho Greg Rhee, Luca Ronfani, Priyanka Roy, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Amene Saghazadeh, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Sana Salehi, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Aswini Saravanan, Maheswar Satpathy, Austin E Schumacher, David C. Schwebel, Mario Šekerija, Arman Shafiee, Saeed Shahabi, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, João Pedro Silva, Yonatan Solomon, Lourdes Sumpaico-Tanchanco, Chandan Kumar Swain, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Samuel Tromans, Lilian Tzivian, Ravi Prasad Varma, Andrés Fernando Vinueza Veloz, María Fernanda Vinueza‐Veloz, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Muhammad Waqas, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Renjulal Yesodharan, Dong Keon Yon, Yoosik Youm, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Youjie Zeng, Magdalena Zielińska, Harvey Whiteford, Traolach Brugha, James G. Scott, Theo Vos, Alize J Ferrari · 发表于：The Lancet Psychiatry · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00363-8 · 被引用次数：176 · 研究领域：Autism Spectrum Disorder Research、Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues、Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders

BACKGROUND: High-quality estimates of the epidemiology of the autism spectrum and the health needs of autistic people are necessary for service planners and resource allocators. Here we present the global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 following improvements to the epidemiological data and burden estimation methods. METHODS: For GBD 2021, a systematic literature review involving searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, the Global Health Data Exchange, and consultation with experts identified data on the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder. Eligible data were used to estimate prevalence via a Bayesian meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1). Modelled prevalence and disability weights were used to estimate health burden in years lived with disability (YLDs) as the measure of non-fatal health burden and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the measure of overall health burden. Data by ethnicity were not available. People with lived experience of autism were involved in the design, preparation, interpretation, and writing of this Article. FINDINGS: An estimated 61·8 million (95% uncertainty interval 52·1-72·7) individuals (one in every 127 people) were on the autism spectrum globally in 2021. The global age-standardised prevalence was 788·3 (663·8-927·2) per 100 000 people, equivalent to 1064·7 (898·5-1245·7) autistic males per 100 000 males and 508·1 (424·6-604·3) autist...