Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

作者：Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Avina Vongpradith, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Jianing Ma, Samuel B Albertson, Amanda Novotney, Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Matthew C Doxey, Jorge R Ledesma, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Rose Bender, Lucien R Swetschinski, Matthew Cunningham, Sandra Spearman, Yohannes Abate, Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Meriem Abdoun, Bayeh Abera, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hasan Abualruz, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Hana J Abukhadijah, Salahdein Aburuz, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Victor Adekanmbi, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Suneth Agampodi, Feleke Doyore Agide, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Saeed Ahmed, Karolina Akinosoglou, Ema Akter, Salah Al Awaidy, Muaaz Alajlani, Khurshid Alam, Almaza A. Albakri, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Adel Al‐Gheethi, Abid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Sami Almustanyir, Saleh A. Alqahatni, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Rami H. Al‐Rifai, Mohammed Alsabri, Awais Altaf, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Mohammad S. Alyahya, Walid Al-Zyoud, Dickson A Amugsi, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Sébastien Antoni, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Saleha Anwar, Palwasha Anwari, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Brhane Berhe Aregawi, Abdulfatai Aremu, Michael B. Arndt, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Alok Atreya, Firayad Ayele, Davood Azadi, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Shahkaar Aziz, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Giridhara R. Babu, Pegah Bahrami Taqanaki, Saeed Bahramian, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Biswajit Banik, Simachew Animen Bante, Mainak Bardhan, Till Bärnighausen, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Zarrin Basharat, Quique Bassat, Mohammad‐Mahdi Bastan, Saurav Basu, Prapthi Persis Bathini, Payam Behzadi, Maryam Beiranvand, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Apostolos Beloukas, Azizullah Beran, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Hamed Borhany, Souad Bouaoud, Michael Bräuer, Danilo Buonsenso, Zahid A Butt, Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, Luis Alberto Cámera, Angelo Capodici, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Muthia Cenderadewi, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Fatemeh Chichagi, Patrick R Ching, Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali G Choudhari, E. Chowdhury, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Muhammad Chutiyami, Natália Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Jai K Das, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Iván Delgado‐Enciso, Belay Desye, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Kuldeep Dhama, Meghnath Dhimal, Michael J. Diaz, Thanh Chi, Sushil Dohare, Fariba Dorostkar, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Abdel Rahman E’mar, Abdelaziz Ed‐Dra, Hisham Atan Edinur, Defi Efendi, Ferry Efendi, Foolad Eghbali, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iman El Sayed, Muhammed Elhadi, Ashraf El‐Metwally, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Chadi Eltaha, Babak Eshrati, Majid Eslami, Ayesha Fahim, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Aliasghar Fakhri‐Demeshghieh, Mohammad Farahmand, Folorunso O. Fasina, Modupe Margaret Fasina, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Florian Fischer, Takeshi Fukumoto, Blima Fux, Muktar A Gadanya, Santosh Gaihre, Márió Gajdács, Yaseen Galali, Aravind P. Gandhi, Rupesh K. Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Motuma Erena Getachew, Genanew Kassie Getahun, Molla Getie, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Sherief Ghozy, Artyom Gil, Alem Girmay, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Philimon Gona, Ayman Grada, Giovanni Guarducci, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes, Najah R Hadi, Samer Hamidi, Erin B Hamilton, Harapan Harapan, Md. Kamrul Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Md Saquib Hasnain, Ikrama Ibrahim Hassan, Jiawei He, Mehdi Hemmati, Kamal Hezam, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Junjie Huang, Hong-Han Huynh, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena Ilić, Milena Ilić, Sumant Inamdar, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Md. Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Haitham Jahrami, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Javad Javidnia, Shubha Jayaram, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B. Jonas, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Hannaneh Kabir, Dler Hussein Kadir, Md Moustafa Kamal, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Arun Kamireddy, Tanuj Kanchan, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Rami S. Kantar, Jafar Karami, Prabin Karki, Hengameh Kasraei, Harkiran Kaur, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Khader, Alireza Khalilian, Faham Khamesipour, Gulfaraz Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Zeeshan Ali Khan, Vishnu Khanal, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Khatatbeh, Amir M Khater, Khalid A Kheirallah, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Atulya Aman Khosla, Kwanghyun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kısa, Niranjan Kissoon, Desmond Klu, Sonali Kochhar, Ali‐Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Kewal Krishan, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Mukhtar Kulimbet, G Anil Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Frank Kyei‐Arthur, Chandrakant Lahariya, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Seung Won Lee, Wei‐Chen Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Ming‐Chieh Li, Virendra S Ligade, Gang Liu, Shuke Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Chun‐Han Lo, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Lei Lv, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Bishnu P. Marasini, Miquel Martorell, Roy Rillera Marzo, Hossein Masoumi-Asl, Medha Mathur, Navgeet Mathur, Rishi P Mediratta, Elahe Meftah, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Hadush Negash Meles, Endalkachew Belayneh Melese, Walter Mendoza, Mohsen Merati, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Sachith Mettananda, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Vinaytosh Mishra, Prasanna Mithra, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Mouhand Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Mustapha Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Rohith Motappa, Vincent Mougin, Sumaira Mubarik, Francesk Mulita, Kavita Munjal, Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan, Pirouz Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Shumaila Nargus, Delaram Narimani Davani, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Zuhair S. Natto, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Gordon Takop Nchanji, Pacifique Ndishimye, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Duc Hoang Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Ali Nikoobar, Vikram Niranjan, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Efaq Ali Noman, Nurulamin M Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Mehran Nouri, Majid Nozari, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Fred Nugen, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Adesola A. Ogunfowokan, Tolulope R Ojo-Akosile, Iruka N. Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase, Verner N. Orish, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Esteban Ortiz‐Prado, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Olayinka Osuolale, Amel Ouyahia, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Victoria Pando‐Robles, Shahina Pardhan, Romil R Parikh, Jay Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Shrikant Pawar, Prince Peprah, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Simone Perna, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Anil K. Philip, Р. В. Полибин, Maarten J. Postma, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Jalandhar Pradhan, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Asma Saleem Qazi, R Deepthi, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Shayan Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Sheena Ramazanu, Muhammed Ahmed Rameto, Pramod W. Ramteke, Kritika Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Davide Rasella, Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi, Ashkan Rasouli‐Saravani, Devarajan Rathish, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Salman Rawaf, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Aavishkar Raj Regmi, Kannan R. R. Rengasamy, Nazila Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Mónica Rodrigues, Jefferson Antonio Buendía, Leonardo Roever, Ravi Rohilla, Luca Ronfani, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Allen G. Ross, Shekoufeh Roudashti, Bedanta Roy, Tilleye Runghien, Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Mehdi Safari, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Mohamed A. Saleh, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Juan Sanabria, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, T. Sarkar, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Austin E Schumacher, Mengistu Abayneh Sebsibe, Dragoş Şerban, Mahan Shafie, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Sunder Sham, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Mohd Shanawaz, Mohammed Shannawaz, Amin Sharifan, Manoj Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Suchitra Shenoy, Samendra P. Sherchan, Mahabalesh Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Desalegn Shiferaw, Aminu Shittu, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Luís R. Silva, Baljinder Singh, Ambrish Singh, Robert Sinto, Bogdan Socea, Heidi M. Soeters, Anton Sokhan, Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy, Vijay Kumar Srivastava, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Narayan Subedi, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman, Muhammad Suleman, Chandan Kumar Swain, Łukasz Szarpak, Sree Sudha T Y, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Celine Tabche, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen Taha, Ashis Talukder, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker‐Kan Tan, Sarmila Tandukar, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Ocean Thakali, Ramna Thakur, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Joe Thomas, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Krishna Kant Tiwari, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Khai Hoan Tram, An Thien Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Samuel Tromans, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Arit Udoh, Saeed Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Umar, Brigid Unim, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Sanaz Vahdati, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Madhur Verma, Georgios‐Ioannis Verras, Manish Vinayak, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Yanzhong Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Kosala Weerakoon, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Asrat Arja Wolde, Felicia Wu, Sajad Yaghoubi, Sanni Yaya, Saber Yezli, Vahit Yiğit, Dehui Yin, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hadiza Yusuf, Mondal Hasan Zahid, Fathiah Zakham, Leila Zaki, Iman Zare, Michael Zastrozhin, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Haijun Zhang, Zhi‐Jiang Zhang, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Hafsa Zia, Mohammad Zoladl, Ali H. Mokdad, Stephen S Lim, Theo Vos, James A Platts-Mills, Jonathan F Mosser, Robert C. Reiner, Simon I Hay, Mohsen Naghavi, Christopher J L Murray · 发表于：The Lancet Infectious Diseases · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00691-1 · 被引用次数：195 · 研究领域：Child Nutrition and Water Access、Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology、Nutrition and Health in Aging

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse vital registration data, verbal autopsy data, mortality surveillance data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data. We used DisMod-MR (version 2.1), a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews, population-based surveys, and claims and inpatient data. We calculated diarrhoeal disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for each location, year, and age-sex group. For aetiology estimation, we used a counterfactual approach to quantify population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Additionally, we estimated the diarrhoeal disease burden attributable to the independent effects of risk factors using the com...