Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Lower Respiratory Tract Disease

作者：Sara Yee Tartof, Negar Aliabadi, Gabriella Goodwin, Jeff M. Slezak, Vennis X. Hong, Bradley K. Ackerson, Qing Liu, Sally Fontamillas Shaw, Sabrina Welsh, Julie A. Stern, Banshri Kapadia, Brigitte C. Spence, Joseph A. Lewnard, Gregg S. Davis, Michael Aragones, Michael P. Dutro, Erica Leigh Chilson, Elisa Gonzalez, Robin Hubler, Brandon Chia, Luis Jódar, Bradford D. Gessner, Elizabeth M. Begier · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50832 · 被引用次数：46 · 研究领域：Respiratory viral infections research、Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections、Immune responses and vaccinations

Importance: Clinical trials have demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) but enrolled a smaller proportion of persons aged 75 years or older and those with comorbidities than seen in highest-risk populations in clinical practice settings. Additionally, VE against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits is not yet fully described. Objective: To estimate Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F (RSVpreF) effectiveness in older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a retrospective case-control study with a test negative design. Cases were adults aged 60 years or older with hospitalizations or ED visits at Kaiser Permanente of Southern California for LRTD from November 24, 2023, to April 9, 2024, who had respiratory swabs collected and tested for RSV. Two control definitions were prespecified: (1) strict controls included RSV-negative LRTD events that were negative for human metapneumovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, and positive for a nonvaccine preventable cause (primary) and (2) broad controls included all RSV-negative LRTD events (sensitivity analysis). Enhanced specimen collection was conducted to salvage clinical respiratory swabs not tested for RSV during routine care. Data were analyzed from May to September 2024. Exposure: RSVpreF vaccine receipt during the first RSV season after licensure and 21 or more days before LRTD event. Main outcomes and measures: ...