Fully Bioactive Nanodrugs: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Engineered with Biomacromolecules to Treat CCl 4 - and Extreme Hepatectomy-Induced Acute Liver Failure

作者：Meng Sun, Min Li, Min Hu, Yueyun Fan, Yanhong Liu, Jian Sun, Jinfeng Zhang · 发表于：ACS Nano · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/acsnano.4c07408 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes、Liver physiology and pathology

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious global disease characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Currently, the clinical treatment of ALF faces considerable hurdles due to limited medication options and the scarcity of liver transplants. Despite biomacromolecules such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and glutathione (GSH) having been applied for ALF symptom relief in the clinic, they still face substantial challenges including poor stability, difficulty in acting on intracellular targets, and inadequate therapeutic outcome. In this work, by taking advantage of the innate targeting and regenerative capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we harnessed MSC-derived exosomes as natural bioactive carriers for the simultaneous delivery of HGF and GSH, forming a fully bioactive nanodrug termed HG@Exo. Impressively, the HG@Exo demonstrated potent therapeutic effects against both carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )- and extreme hepatectomy-induced ALF through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammation, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration, which were facilitated by its inflammation-targeting to damaged liver tissues. Furthermore, an FDA-approved near-infrared fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG), has been incorporated into the exosomes (HGI@Exo) to endow them with real-time in vivo tracking capability, which showed favorable liver accumulation of the HGI@Exo in both CCl 4 - and surgery-induced ALF animal models, providing cr...