Observed determinants of urban outdoor thermal exposure during hot summer and snowy winter periods in a humid continental climate

作者：Timothy Aiello, E. Scott Krayenhoff, Ariane Middel, J. Warland · 发表于：Sustainable Cities and Society · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.scs.2024.106019 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Urban Heat Island Mitigation、Noise Effects and Management、Climate Change and Health Impacts

• Mobile biometeorological station MaRTy used for data collection in Guelph, Canada • Mean radiant temperature determined from 6-direction shortwave and longwave radiation • Shade strongly reduces daytime heat exposure but slightly increases it at night • Snow cover in winter generates solar reflection warming and longwave cooling at night • Recommendations for street design and maintenance for both hot and cold weather Many cities in the midlatitudes experience both extreme heat and cold, and pedestrians are exposed to thermal extremes that cause bodily stress. With growing urban populations, city design that contributes to mitigating summer heat while reducing winter cold exposure is increasingly important. Pedestrian thermal exposure depends on several microclimatic factors, including shortwave and longwave radiation absorption, which can be quantified by the mean radiant temperature ( T mrt ). Limited research has been conducted on the radiative components of thermal exposure in hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. We gathered micrometeorological data from diverse urban sites and in multiple seasons in Guelph, Canada, using a mobile human-biometeorological weather station ( MaRTy cart) that applies the six-directional method to determine T mrt . Seasonal datasets were analysed and compared to examine the drivers of thermal exposure and recommend strategies for mitigating heat and cold stress. In summer, shade is the primary factor that reduces daytime heat exposure...