Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population

作者：Yuan‐Zhuo Hu, Zhiping Niu, Changsheng Cao, Junwei Gao, Miaoting Pan, Yunfei Cai, Zhuohui Zhao · 发表于：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117398 · 被引用次数：22 · 研究领域：Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies、Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that exposure to VOCs was linked to increased systemic inflammation levels. However, the dose-response relationships between urine VOCs metabolites and systemic inflammation have not been established, and the key metabolite of the toxic compounds has not been identified. METHODS: We used data in 7007 US adults in the NHANES cycles (2011-2018) across 8 years. Urinary VOC metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS). VOC metabolites were adjusted by urinary creatinine level before analysis. Systemic inflammation was assessed by systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) indices. Generalized linear models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to evaluate the associations, exposure-response (E-R) curve and identify the key contributor compound, adjusting for gender, age, race, BMI, marital condition, education level, smoking level, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Smoking status was assessed as an effect modifier. RESULTS: Significant and robust positive correlations were found between 8 VOC metabolites and both SII and SIRI. They were N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CYMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA), mandelic acid (MA), N-Acetyl...