Toward Sustainable Biocultural Ecotourism: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Cultural and Biodiversity Richness in Colombia

作者：Alejandra Echeverri, Natasha Batista, Stacie Wolny, Guido A. Herrera‐R, Federico Andrade‐Rivas, Allison Bailey, Anaid Cárdenas‐Navarrete, Armando Dávila Arenas, Andrés F. Díaz-Salazar, Katherine Victoria Hernandez, Kelley E. Langhans, Bryam Mateus-Aguilar, Dallas Levey, Andrew Neill, Oliver T. Nguyen, Andrés Felipe Suárez‐Castro, Felipe Zapata, Natalia Ocampo‐Peñuela · 发表于：People and Nature · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1002/pan3.10755 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond、Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management、Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation

Abstract Ecotourism plays a vital role in both economic development and depending on the scale, it can also aid environmental conservation. Ecotourism planning often considers culture‐based and nature‐based tourism separately, failing to recognize the synergies between them, with the potential to market locations as biocultural destinations. Using Colombia as a case study, we created metrics of taxonomic biological diversity as measured by vertebrate species richness (including birds, mammals, freshwater fishes, reptiles and amphibians) and institutionalized cultural richness (by counting the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage sites, museums, endemic music festivals, Afro‐Colombian Territories and Indigenous Reserves) and evaluated the spatial correlations between them. To determine biocultural ecotourism potential, we evaluated whether biocultural richness was accessible and mapped potential biocultural ecotourism supply. By mapping areas of sports fisheries, birdwatching destinations, national park annual visitors and airport arrivals we also estimated spatial demand. We also analysed the difference between biocultural ecotourism supply and demand to assess the realized and untapped potential for biocultural destinations. While biocultural richness is high in the Amazon, Pacific and Caribbean regions, we found that there are no win‐win‐win locations where culture, species richness and accessibility are all high. Areas with great poten...