Intimidation against advocates and researchers in the tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food spaces: a review

作者：Karen Evans-Reeves, Britta Katharina Matthes, Phil Chamberlain, Nino Paichadze, Anna Gilmore, Mélissa Mialon · 发表于：Health Promotion International · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1093/heapro/daae153 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology、Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations、Employment and Welfare Studies

Unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) engage in corporate political activity, using diverse practices, including intimidatory tactics, to thwart, delay and dilute regulations that threaten their businesses. While examples of such intimidation exist across multiple sectors, no attempt has been made to synthesize these. Furthermore, much of the literature focuses on intimidation of policy-makers. Less is known about the types of intimidation experienced by advocates and researchers and their responses to this intimidation. This scoping review explores the literature across the tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food spaces for instances of intimidation and categorizes them inductively and deductively based on a framework of intimidation types. Similarly, responses to intimidation were mapped onto a pre-existing framework. We found intimidatory tactics towards advocates and researchers in every sector. Public discreditation, followed by legal threats and action, complaints and freedom of information requests were most frequently mentioned and often attributed to UCIs or their third parties. Surveillance, threats of violence, violence, burglary and bribery were less prevalent in the literature and their perpetrators were unknown. Those intimidated reported carrying on as normal, defensive action (changing/adapting work, taking security precautions) or, as was most reported, offensive action (exposing intimidation, correcting misinformation, taking legal action). The similarity ...