Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles with Defensive Gum of Moringa oleifera for Antibacterial Efficacy Against Resistant Bacterial Species from Human Infections

作者：Liaqat Ali, Nisar Ahmad, Muhammad Nazir Uddin, Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud, Hina Fazal, Sabiha Fatima, Mohamed A. El‐Tayeb, Bushra Hafeez Kiani, Wajid Khan, Murad Ali Rahat, Mohammad Ali, Yaqub Khan, Kamran Rauf, Salman Ahmed Khan, Sami Ullah, Tanveer Ahmad, A. Abdel - Salam, Sajjad Ahmad · 发表于：Pharmaceuticals · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/ph17111546 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Moringa oleifera research and applications、Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications、Medicinal Plant Research

Background: The worldwide misuse of antibiotics is one of the main factors in microbial resistance that is a serious threat worldwide. Alternative strategies are needed to overcome this issue. Objectives: In this study, a novel strategy was adopted to suppress the growth of resistant pathogens through immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in gum of Moringa oleifera. Methods: The AgNPs were prepared from the leaves of Moringa oleifera and subsequently characterized through UV-spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The differential ratios of characterized AgNPs were immobilized with gum of M. oleifera and investigated for antimicrobial potential against highly resistant pathogens. Results: The immobilized AgNPs displayed promising activities against highly resistant B. subtilis (23.6 mm; 50 µL:200 µL), E. coli (19.3 mm; 75 µL:200 µL), K. pneumoniae (22 mm; 200 µL:200 µL), P. mirabilis (16.3 mm; 100 µL:200 µL), P. aeruginosa (22 mm; 175 µL:200 µL), and S. typhi (19.3; 25 µL:200 µL) than either AgNPs alone or gum. The immobilized AgNPs released positive sliver ions that easily attached to negatively charged bacterial cells. After attachment and permeation to bacterial cells, the immobilized NPs alter the cell membrane permeability, protein/enzymes denaturation, oxidative stress (ROS), damage DNA, and change the gene expression level. It has been mechanistically considered that the immobilized AgNPs can kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, dephosphorylating tyr...