Salmonella virulence factors induce amino acid malabsorption in the ileum to promote ecosystem invasion of the large intestine

作者：Lauren C. Radlinski, Andrew W. Rogers, Lalita Bechtold, Hugo L. P. Masson, Henry Nguyen, Anaïs Larabi, Connor R. Tiffany, Thaynara Parente de Carvalho, Renée M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Bäumler · 发表于：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1073/pnas.2417232121 · 被引用次数：24 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research、Probiotics and Fermented Foods

The gut microbiota produces high concentrations of antimicrobial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that restrict the growth of invading microorganisms. The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar ( S. ) Typhimurium triggers inflammation in the large intestine to ultimately reduce microbiota density and bloom, but it is unclear how the pathogen gains a foothold in the homeostatic gut when SCFA-producing commensals are abundant. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium invasion of the ileal mucosa triggers malabsorption of dietary amino acids to produce downstream changes in nutrient availability in the large intestine. In gnotobiotic mice engrafted with a community of 17 human Clostridia isolates, S. Typhimurium virulence factors triggered marked changes in the cecal metabolome, including an elevated abundance of amino acids. In an ex vivo fecal culture model, we found that two of these amino acids, lysine and ornithine, countered SCFA-mediated growth inhibition by restoring S. Typhimurium pH homeostasis through the inducible amino acid decarboxylases CadA and SpeF, respectively. In a mouse model of gastrointestinal infection, S. Typhimurium CadA activity depleted dietary lysine to promote cecal ecosystem invasion in the presence of an intact microbiota. From these findings, we conclude that virulence factor–induced malabsorption of dietary amino acids in the small intestine changes the nutritional environment of the large intestine to provide S. Typhimurium with resources needed ...