KRAS mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: From biology to novel therapeutic strategies

作者：Luigi Liguori, Fabio Salomone, Angela Viggiano, Francesco Sabbatino, Stefano Pepe, Luigi Formisano, Roberto Bianco, Alberto Servetto · 发表于：Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104554 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations、RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms、RNA modifications and cancer

Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( KRAS ) mutations play a major role in the carcinogenesis of many types of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among KRAS mutations, p.G12C single-nucleotide variant ( KRAS G12C ) is the most frequently reported in NSCLC patients, with a prevalence of about 12–13 %. For many decades, KRAS mutations including KRAS G12C were considered “undruggable” because of the lack of effective and well-tolerated selective therapies. Noteworthy, CodeBreaK100 and KRYSTAL-1 clinical trials have recently demonstrated that sotorasib and adagrasib, two novel selective KRAS G12C inhibitors, have clinical activity with acceptable adverse-event profile for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with KRAS G12C mutation. On the other hand, no selective therapies are approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with non-G12C KRAS mutations. As a result, these patients receive the same treatments as those without KRAS mutations. In this paper, we describe the role of KRAS mutations in NSCLC focusing on the clinical and molecular characteristics which potentially identify specific subtypes of NSCLC patients based on different KRAS mutations. We also provide an overview of the main clinical trials testing novel selective KRAS G12C inhibitors as well as novel potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients with non-G12C KRAS mutations. • KRAS mutations are the most frequent oncogene alterations reported in NSCLC patients. • ...