Compound Class-Specific Temporal Trends (2021–2023) of Tire Wear Compounds in Suspended Solids from Toronto Wastewater Treatment Plants

作者：Lin-Na Xie, Lai Yuan, Jianxian Sun, Minqing Ivy Yang, Ismail Khan, Jhoselyn Jaramillo Lopez, Yufeng Gong, Pranav Nair, Chunyan Hao, Paul A. Helm, Holly Barrett, Elizabeth A. Edwards, Hui Peng · 发表于：ACS ES&T Water · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/acsestwater.4c00705 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Microplastics and Plastic Pollution、Recycling and Waste Management Techniques、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Tire wear compounds (TWCs) have received increasing attention due to their ubiquitous environmental occurrence and toxicity. In this study, the temporal trends of 23 TWCs in two Toronto wastewater treatment plants were systematically investigated through a two-year wastewater surveillance. Through an optimized analytical method, 20 TWCs were detected across 161 weekly influent suspended solid samples at a total concentration of 273–52,500 ng/g dw. Phenyl- p -phenylenediamines (PPDs), N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), and 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) showed a strong co-occurrence, and their concentration spikes were coincident with both flow rates of influents and precipitation, which was not observed for other TWCs. Therefore, stormwater runoff is a major source of PPDs, PPD-Qs, and DPG, but not other TWCs. The temporal trends of N -1,3-dimethylbutyl- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD) transformation products were further determined. Among six detected transformation products, four compounds including N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -quinonediimine (6QDI) showed a strong co-occurrence with 6PPD but not with 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4-HDPA) and N -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (4-ADPA). Rapid hydrolysis of 4-ADPA to 4-HDPA was observed ( t 1/2 = 35.7 h), suggesting that 4-ADPA, rather than 6PPD, is the major precursor leading to the formation of 4-HDPA in wastewater. The compound class-specific temporal trends of TWCs in wastewater...