Common and divergent neuroimaging features in major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and their comorbidity

作者：Jing Jiang, Stefania Ferraro, Youjin Zhao, Baolin Wu, Jinping Lin, Taolin Chen, Jin Gao, Lei Li · 发表于：Psychoradiology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1093/psyrad/kkae022 · 被引用次数：19 · 研究领域：Treatment of Major Depression、Functional Brain Connectivity Studies、Memory and Neural Mechanisms

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common stress-related psychiatric disorders. Genetic and neurobiology research has supported the viewpoint that PTSD and MDD may possess common and disorder-specific underlying mechanisms. In this systematic review, we summarize evidence for the similarities and differences in brain functional and structural features of MDD, PTSD, and their comorbidity, as well as the effects of extensively used therapies in patients with comorbid PTSD and MDD (PTSD + MDD). These functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies highlight the (i) shared hypoactivation in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive and emotional processing in MDD and PTSD; (ii) higher activation in fear processing regions including amygdala, hippocampus, and insula in PTSD compared to MDD; and (iii) distinct functional deficits in brain regions involved in fear and reward processing in patients with PTSD + MDD relative to those with PTSD alone. These structural MRI studies suggested that PTSD and MDD share features of reduced volume in focal frontal areas. The treatment effects in patients with PTSD + MDD may correlate with the normalization trend of structural alterations. Neuroimaging predictors of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation response in patients with PTSD + MDD may differ from the mono-diagnostic groups. In summary, neuroimaging studies to date have provided limited information about the shared and disorder-specific f...