First retrieval of 24-hourly 1-km-resolution gapless surface ozone (O3) from space in China using artificial intelligence: Diurnal variations and implications for air quality and phytotoxicity

作者：Fan Cheng, Zhanqing Li, Zeyu Yang, Ruohan Li, Dongdong Wang, Aolin Jia, Ke Li, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Dejia Yin, Shengyue Li, Wenhao Xue, Maureen Cribb, Jing Wei · 发表于：Remote Sensing of Environment · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.rse.2024.114482 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting、Atmospheric Ozone and Climate

Surface ozone (O 3 ) is a critical ambient pollutant that poses significant risks to both human health and ecosystems. However, there is a scarcity of high-spatial-resolution hourly surface O 3 data, which is crucial for understanding its diurnal variations. In this study, we employed a best-performing spatiotemporal artificial intelligence (AI) model to estimate 24-hourly 1-km-resolution surface O 3 concentrations across China, incorporating key photochemical processes responsible for O 3 formation. Our model effectively captured diurnal O 3 patterns, achieving average sample-based cross-validated coefficients of determination (root-mean-square errors) of 0.89 (16.35 μg/m 3 ) for the full day (00:00–23:00 LT), 0.92 (15.72 μg/m 3 ) during daytime (08:00–20:00 LT), and 0.82 (16.97 μg/m 3 ) at nighttime (20:00–08:00 LT). Typically, surface O 3 levels increase after sunrise, peak around 15:00 LT, and decrease overnight, with a diurnal variation magnitude of 62 % relative to the mean level. During the daytime, we found that solar radiation (in the ultraviolet and shortwave spectra) and surface temperature explained over 42 % of the diurnal variation, while nighttime O 3 levels were mainly influenced by tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (16 %), temperature (13 %), and relative humidity (12 %). In 2019, approximately 61 %, 98 %, and 100 % of populated areas in China experienced O 3 exposure risks for at least one day, with maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O 3 levels exceeding 160, 120,...