Seasonal stability of the rumen microbiome contributes to the adaptation patterns to extreme environmental conditions in grazing yak and cattle

作者：Wei Guo, Mi Zhou, Fuyong Li, A. L. A. Neves, Tao Ma, Sisi Bi, Weiwei Wang, Ruijun Long, Le Luo Guan · 发表于：BMC Biology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s12915-024-02035-4 · 被引用次数：24 · 研究领域：Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology、Gut microbiota and health、Animal health and immunology

BACKGROUND: The rumen microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining ruminants' growth and performance even under extreme environmental conditions, however, which factors influence rumen microbiome stability when ruminants are reared in such habitats throughout the year is unclear. Hence, the rumen microbiome of yak (less domesticated) and cattle (domesticated) reared on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau through the year were assessed to evaluate temporal changes in their composition, function, and stability. RESULTS: Rumen fermentation characteristics and pH significantly shifted across seasons in both cattle and yak, but the patterns differed between the two ruminant species. Ruminal enzyme activity varied with season, and production of xylanase and cellulase was greater in yak compared to cattle in both fall and winter. The rumen bacterial community varied with season in both yak and cattle, with higher alpha diversity and similarity (beta diversity) in yak than cattle. The diversity indices of eukaryotic community did not change with season in both ruminant species, but higher similarity was observed in yak. In addition, the similarity of rumen microbiome functional community was higher in yak than cattle across seasons. Moreover, yak rumen microbiome encoded more genes (GH2 and GH3) related to cellulose and hemicellulose degradation compared to cattle, and a new enzyme family (GH160) gene involved in oligosaccharides was uniquely detected in yak rumen. The season affected m...