Direct air capture integration with low-carbon heat: Process engineering and power system analysis

作者：Aniruddh Mohan, Fangwei Cheng, Hongxi Luo, Chris Greig, Eric D. Larson, Jesse Jenkins · 发表于：Energy Conversion and Management · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119136 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies、Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory、Membrane Separation and Gas Transport

Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is energy intensive given the low concentration ( < 0.1%) of CO 2 in ambient air, but offers relatively strong verification of removals and limited land constraints to scale. Lower temperature solid sorbent based DAC could be coupled on-site with low carbon thermal generators such as nuclear power plants. Here, we undertake a unique interdisciplinary study combining process engineering with a detailed macro-energy system optimization model to evaluate the system-level impacts of such plant designs in the Texas electricity system. We contrast this with using grid power to operate a heat pump to regenerate the sorbent. Our analysis identifies net carbon removal costs accounting for power system impacts and resulting indirect CO 2 emissions from DAC energy consumption. We find that inefficient configurations of DAC at a nuclear power plant can lead to increases in power sector emissions relative to a case without DAC, at a scale that would cancel out almost 50% of the carbon removal from DAC. Net removal costs for the most efficient configurations increase by roughly 18% once indirect power system-level impacts are considered, though this is comparable to the indirect systems-level emissions from operating grid-powered heat pumps for sorbent regeneration. Our study therefore highlights the need for DAC energy procurement to be guided by consideration of indirect emission impacts on the electricity system. Finally, DAC could pote...