Estimating the global and regional burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to leading pathogens and the protective effectiveness of immunization programs

作者：Xiaoran Yu, Huan Wang, Sheng Ma, Wanning Chen, Lin Sun, Zhiyong Zou · 发表于：International Journal of Infectious Diseases · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107268 · 被引用次数：22 · 研究领域：Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections、Immune responses and vaccinations、Respiratory viral infections research

Objectives Reducing mortality from infectious diseases is an urgent global public health priority. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae , and influenza virus are the three leading causes of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) death worldwide. Our objective was to assess the global burden of LRIs attributable to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae , and influenza virus and explore the protective effectiveness of immunization programs. Methods Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and World Health Organization United Nations Children's Fund Estimates of National Immunization Coverage. Locally weighted linear regression and Spearman correlation analysis were used to examine the associations between LRI mortality and vaccination coverage. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the reduction in deaths that would be reduced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and the H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine if all countries realized the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Results In 2021, about 30.2% of the 2.18 million LRI-related deaths were attributed to three studied pathogens. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate of LRIs was attributable to three pathogens decreased by more than half. In 2022, the global vaccination rates for PCV and Hib vaccines were 60.0% and 76.0%, respectively. The LRIs attributable to S. pneumoniae ( r s = −0.45, P <0.001) and H. influenzae ( r s = −0.47, P <0.001) decreased with the increasing vaccinat...