Crop Residue Biochar Rather Than Manure and Straw Return Provided Short Term Synergism Among Grain Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in a Paddy Under Rice‐Wheat Rotation

作者：Xin Xia, Zheng Zhao, Yuanjun Ding, Feng Xiao, Shuotong Chen, Qianqian Shao, Xiaoyu Liu, Kun Cheng, Rongjun Bian, Jufeng Zheng, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan · 发表于：Food and Energy Security · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1002/fes3.70009 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Crop Yield and Soil Fertility、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Bioenergy crop production and management

ABSTRACT Return of crop residues directly as straw, animal manure, or biochar are recommended management options for biowaste recycling and soil organic carbon (SOC) maintenance in agriculture. However, to address the soil health challenges associated with soil degradation and climate change, it is critical to determine if or which of these different forms of crop residues could deliver a synergic improvement in SOC storage, emission reduction, and crop productivity following field application. In this study, maize straw in the form of air‐dried biomass (CS), manure via cattle digestion (CM), and biochar via pyrolysis (CB) was respectively amended once at a dose of 10 t C ha −1 , in comparison to no maize straw addition (CK), in a paddy field under rice‐wheat rotation. Changes in soil properties, SOC storage, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and rice/wheat yield were examined over two consecutive rice/wheat rotation cycles following soil amendment. The total rice grain yield considerably increased by 6% under CM and CB, while it reduced by 6% under CS compared to CK. Soil nutrient content persistently increased under CM and CB by 4.2% ~ 17% and 11% ~ 26% for total nitrogen, 26% ~ 61% and 20% ~ 53% for available P, and 2% ~ 82% and 30% ~ 115% for available K, respectively. Topsoil SOC storage increased considerably by 8% under CM and 20% under CB, while remained unchanged under CS, compared to CK. The total methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were considerably i...