Cognitive impairment in adolescent and adult-onset psychosis: a comparative study

作者：Tianhong Zhang, YanYan Wei, XiaoChen Tang, Lihua Xu, HuiRu Cui, YeGang Hu, HaiChun Liu, Zixuan Wang, Tao Chen, Chunbo Li, Jijun Wang · 发表于：Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s13034-024-00815-y · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Schizophrenia research and treatment、Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder、Bipolar Disorder and Treatment

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment presents in both adolescent-onset(ado-OP) and adult-onset psychosis(adu-OP). Age and neurodevelopmental factors likely contribute to cognitive differences. This study aimed to characterize cognitive functions in ado-OP compared to adu-OP in a clinical population with drug-naive first-episode psychosis(FEP). METHODS: A total of 788 drug-naive patients with FEP and 774 sex- and age-matched healthy controls(HCs) were included. Participants were divided into four groups by whether they were under or over 21 years of age: adolescent-onset FEP(ado-FEP, n = 380), adult-onset FEP(adu-FEP, n = 408), adolescent HC(ado-HC, n = 334), and adult HC(adu-HC, n = 440). Comprehensive cognitive assessments were performed using the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery(MCCB), covers six cognitive domains: speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Data analyses were conducted using correlation analyses and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The patterns of cognitive domain differences between ado-FEP and adu-FEP were found to be similar to those between ado-HC and adu-HC, whereas cognitive impairments appeared to be more pronounced in patients with adu-OP than ado-OP. The mazes subtest had the maximum effect size(ES) in the FEP(ES = 0.37) and HC(ES = 0.30) groups when comparing the adolescent and adult groups. Cognitive subtests were mostly significantly correlated with negative symp...