A comprehensive analysis of genes associated with hypoxia and cuproptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension using machine learning methods and immune infiltration analysis: AHR is a key gene in the cuproptosis process

作者：Zuguang Chen, Lingyue Song, Ming Zhong, Lingpin Pang, Jie Sun, Xian Qian, Tao Huang, Fengwei Xie, Junfen Cheng, Kaili Fu, Zhihai Huang, Dingyu Guo, Riken Chen, Xishi Sun, Chun-Yi Huang · 发表于：Frontiers in Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3389/fmed.2024.1435068 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments、Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling、Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to right heart failure and increased mortality. This study investigates the link between PAH and genes associated with hypoxia and cuproptosis. Methods We utilized expression profiles and single-cell RNA-seq data of PAH from the GEO database and genecad. Genes related to cuproptosis and hypoxia were identified. After normalizing the data, differential gene expression was analyzed between PAH and control groups. We performed clustering analyses on cuproptosis-related genes and constructed a weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) to identify key genes linked to cuproptosis subtype scores. KEGG, GO, and DO enrichment analyses were conducted for hypoxia-related genes, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was created using STRING. Immune cell composition differences were examined between groups. SingleR and Seurat were used for scRNA-seq data analysis, with PCA and t-SNE for dimensionality reduction. We analyzed hub gene expression across single-cell clusters and built a diagnostic model using LASSO and random forest, optimizing parameters with 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 113 combinations of 12 machine learning algorithms were employed to evaluate model accuracy. GSEA was utilized for pathway enrichment analysis of AHR and FAS , and a Nomogram was created to assess risk impact. We also analyzed the correlation between key gen...