Occurrence and potential risks of pharmaceutical contamination in global Estuaries: A critical review and analysis

作者：Demilade T. Adedipe, Chong Chen, Racliffe Weng Seng Lai, Shaopeng Xu, Qiong Luo, Guang‐Jie Zhou, Alistair B.A. Boxall, Bryan W. Brooks, Martina A. Doblin, Xinhong Wang, Juying Wang, Kmy Leung · 发表于：Environment International · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2024.109031 · 被引用次数：54 · 研究领域：Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

• Meta-analysis captured 3229 occurrence data for 239 pharmaceuticals in 91 global estuaries. • Analgesics, antibiotics, and stimulants were the most commonly reported in estuaries. • Nineteen pharmaceuticals were identified with very high ecological risks. • Pharmaceutical pollution was correlated with regional unemployment and poverty. • The study’s limitations drive the UN-endorsed Global Estuaries Monitoring Programme. Input of pollutants to estuaries is one of the major threats to marine biodiversity and fishery resources, and pharmaceuticals are one of the most important contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. To synthesize pharmaceutical pollution levels in estuaries over the past 20 years from a global perspective, this review identified 3229 individual environmental occurrence data for 239 pharmaceuticals across 91 global estuaries distributed in 26 countries. The highest cumulative weighted average concentration level ( WACL ) of all detected pharmaceuticals in estuarine water was observed in Africa (145,461.86 ng/L), with 30 pharmaceuticals reported. North America (24,316.39 ng/L) was ranked second in terms of WACL , followed by South America (20,784.13 ng/L), Asia (5958.38 ng/L), Europe (4691.23 ng/L), and Oceania (2916.32 ng/L). Carbamazepine, diclofenac, and paracetamol were detected in all continents. A total of 41 functional categories of pharmaceuticals were identified, and analgesics, antibiotics, and stimulants were amongst the most ubiquito...