Schwarzschild modelling of barred s0 galaxy NGC 4371

作者：Behzad Tahmasebzadeh, Zhu Ling, Juntai Shen, Dimitri A. Gadotti, Monica Valluri, Sabine Thater, Glenn van de Ven, Yunpeng Jin, Ortwin Gerhard, Peter Erwin, Prashin Jethwa, Alice Zocchi, Edward J Lilley, Francesca Fragkoudi, A. de Lorenzo-Cáceres, J. Méndez‐Abreu, Justus Neumann, Rui Guo · 发表于：Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1093/mnras/stae2109 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing、Geophysics and Gravity Measurements、Astronomy and Astrophysical Research

ABSTRACT We apply the barred Schwarzschild method developed by Tahmasebzadeh et al. (2022) to a barred S0 galaxy, NGC 4371, observed by IFU instruments from the TIMER and ATLAS3D projects. We construct the gravitational potential by combining a fixed black hole mass, a spherical dark matter halo, and stellar mass distribution deprojected from 3.6 μm S$^4$G image considering an axisymmetric disc and a triaxial bar. We independently modelled kinematic data from TIMER and ATLAS3D. Both models fit the data remarkably well. We find a consistent bar pattern speed from the two sets of models with $\Omega _{\rm p} = 23.6 \pm 2.8 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1} \, kpc^{-1} }$ and $\Omega _{\rm p} = 22.4 \pm 3.5 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1} \, kpc^{-1} }$, respectively. The dimensionless bar rotation parameter is determined to be $\mathcal {R} \equiv R_{\rm cor}/R_{\rm bar}=1.88 \pm 0.37$, indicating a likely slow bar in NGC 4371. Additionally, our model predicts a high amount of dark matter within the bar region ($M_{\rm DM}/ M_{\rm total}$$\sim 0.51 \pm 0.06$), which, aligned with the predictions of cosmological simulations, indicates that fast bars are generally found in baryon-dominated discs. Based on the best-fitting model, we further decompose the galaxy into multiple 3D orbital structures, including a BP/X bar, a classical bulge, a nuclear disc, and a main disc. The BP/X bar is not perfectly included in the input 3D density model, but BP/X-supporting orbits are picked through the fitting to...