Global, regional, and national epidemiology of ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2021

作者：Shuai Hou, Yifeng Zhang, Yulei Xia, Yong Liu, Xia Deng, Weihua Wang, Yanqiang Wang, C. Wang, Gang Wang · 发表于：European Journal of Neurology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1111/ene.16481 · 被引用次数：82 · 研究领域：Acute Ischemic Stroke Management、Sodium Intake and Health、Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2021. METHOD: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to comprehensively assess ischemic stroke indicators globally, regionally, and in 204 countries, including incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: In 2021, there were a total of 7,804,449 cases of ischemic stroke globally (95% uncertainty interval = 6,719,760-8,943,692), with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 92.39. This represents a declining trend compared to 1990, with an EAPC of -0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.76 to -0.58). Mortality and DALY rates also showed a downward trend (EAPC in age-standardized mortality rate: -1.83, 95% CI = -1.92 to -1.74; EAPC in age-standardized DALY rate = -1.59, 95% CI = -1.68 to -1.50). The burden of ischemic stroke was inversely correlated with gross domestic product. Regionally, from 2014 to 2021, the Caribbean experienced the fastest increase in ASIR (annual percent change = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.18). Among 204 countries, North Macedonia had the highest incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. In addition to metabolic risks, particulate matter pollution and low temperatures were significant environmental and occupational risk factors for ischemic stroke. Smoking and a diet high in sodium were identified as key b...