Anthropogenic disturbance and competitive avoidance shape the coexistence pattern of macaque species in tropical forests

作者：Ruchuan He, Lin Wang, Alice C. Hughes, Ying Geng, Hui Cao, Ying Liu, Jiabin Li, Qiaoyan Wang, Zheng‐Bin Yang, Rui‐Chang Quan · 发表于：Ecosphere · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1002/ecs2.70001 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Primate Behavior and Ecology、Wildlife Ecology and Conservation、Animal Behavior and Reproduction

Abstract The factors that enable the coexistence of closely related species remain a major question in ecology, particularly in human‐disturbed habitats. The effects of anthropogenic disturbance and interspecific competition can exacerbate the decline in populations of competing species. The adoption of different strategies in responding to anthropogenic disturbances and competitive avoidances may create opportunities for competing species to coexist. However, few studies have explored how disturbance and competition interact to shape species coexistence. In this study, we conducted long‐term and large‐scale camera trap surveys comprising 540 sampling sites from 2017 to 2021 at Xishuangbanna, southwestern China, and deployed a spatiotemporal analysis framework to determine the effect of anthropogenic disturbances and competitive avoidances on the coexistence of three sympatric macaque species: Assamese macaque ( Macaca assamensis ; MA), northern pig‐tailed macaque ( M. leonina ; ML), and rhesus macaque ( M. mulatta ; MM). Macaque species exhibited diverse responses to different types of anthropogenic disturbances. The occurrence probability of MM was positively associated with distance to road and relative abundance of human occurrence, and negatively associated with distance to cropland, which reduces the likelihood of sympatry between MM and the other two species due to their opposing responses to road, cropland, and human occurrence. Conversely, the similar responses to ro...