A comprehensive review of influenza B virus, its biological and clinical aspects

作者：Muhammad Awais Ashraf, Muhammad Asif Raza, Muhammad Amjad, Ghayyas Ud Din, Lihuan Yue, Bei Shen, Lingdie Chen, Dong Wei, Huiting Xu, Yihong Hu · 发表于：Frontiers in Microbiology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3389/fmicb.2024.1467029 · 被引用次数：29 · 研究领域：Influenza Virus Research Studies、Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology、SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

Influenza B virus (IBV) stands as a paradox, often overshadowed by its more notorious counterpart, influenza A virus (IAV). Yet, it remains a captivating and elusive subject of scientific inquiry. Influenza B is important because it causes seasonal flu outbreaks that can lead to severe respiratory illnesses, including bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations of chronic conditions like asthma. Limitations in the influenza B virus's epidemiological, immunological, and etiological evolution must be addressed promptly. This comprehensive review covers evolutionary epidemiology and pathogenesis, host-virus interactions, viral isolation and propagation, advanced molecular detection assays, vaccine composition and no animal reservoir for influenza B virus. Complex viral etiology begins with intranasal transmission of influenza B virus with the release of a segmented RNA genome that attacks host cell machinery for transcription and translation within the nucleus and the release of viral progeny. Influenza B virus prevalence in domesticated and wild canines, sea mammals, and birds is frequent, yet there is no zoonosis. The periodic circulation of influenza B virus indicates a 1-3-year cycle for monophyletic strain replacement within the Victoria strain due to frequent antigenic drift in the HA near the receptor-binding site (RBS), while the antigenic stability of Yamagata viruses portrays a more conservative evolutionary pattern. Additionally, this article outlines contemporary antivi...