Effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinosteroid to mitigate the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and improve physio-morphological traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivated under Cd-contaminated soil

作者：Fasih Ullah Haider, Usman Zulfiqar, Noor Ul Ain, Tariq Mehmood, M. Babar Shahzad, Cai Liqun, Jean Wan Hong Yong, Manal Abdulaziz Binobead · 发表于：Environmental Technology & Innovation · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.eti.2024.103811 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals、Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance、Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious environmental threat to living organisms. Nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth regulators are able to mitigate Cd toxicity and restore crop growth in heavy metals-contaminated soils. However, the synergistic potential of combining 24-epibrassinosteroid (24-epiBRs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) to alleviate Cd toxicity and restore soybean ( Glycine max L.) production remains unexplored. Thus, a pot-based experimental trial was conducted to assess the effects of applying TiO 2 -NPs (15 mg L −1 ) and 24-epiBRs (10 −7 M), individually and in combination, on soybean growth in soil cultivated with 30 ppm of Cd. The study revealed that Cd toxicity significantly inhibited soybean root length (11.0 %), root dry biomass (63.5 %), root fresh biomass (84.9 %), shoot length (11.7 %), shoot dry biomass (49.0 %), and shoot fresh biomass (27.3 %), compared to the control. Additionally, the toxicity of Cd enhanced the oxidative stress and lowered the photosynthetic efficiency, gas exchange characteristics, and antioxidant defense system of soybeans. Interestingly, the combined application of TiO 2 -NPs and 24-epiBRs ameliorated the Cd toxic effects and improved the agronomic traits, photosynthesis efficiency, and antioxidant activity in soybeans by lowering oxidative stress. Specifically, the dual application of 24-epiBRs and TiO 2 -NPs effectively lowered the Cd levels in roots, shoots, and leaves of soybean plants by 62.5, 162.7, and 87.1 %...