Optimizing nitrogen fertilization and planting density management enhances lodging resistance and wheat yield by promoting carbohydrate accumulation and single spike development

作者：Haimeng Mu, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Lifang Sun, Yuan Huang, Yifan Song, Rong Zhang, Zijun Wu, Kaixia Fu, Jianzhao Duan, Guozhang Kang, Tiancai Guo, Y. L. Wang · 发表于：Crop Science · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1002/csc2.21327 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Crop Yield and Soil Fertility、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism、Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology

Abstract Nitrogen fertilizer application and increasing planting density have been recognized as essential measures to achieve higher wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields. However, inadequate management practices often lead to poor culm quality and lodging. We hypothesized that optimizing culm characteristics could be a feasible approach to improving both lodging resistance and yield. In this study, field experiments involved five nitrogen levels (0, 180, 240, 300, and 360 kg ha −1 ) and three planting densities (225, 375, and 525 × 10 4 ha −1 ). Two wheat cultivars with different lodging resistance were selected and their culm morphological characteristics, biochemical components, field lodging rate, and yield in different treatments were measured. We found that field lodging rate in wheat was negatively correlated with yield, and there was a contradiction between increasing spike number and lodging resistance. Culm carbohydrate accumulation affected field lodging rate by regulating culm quality rather than the center of gravity height. Compared with Xinmai 26, Xinhuamai 818 had higher culm carbohydrate accumulation, which increased the breaking strength and yield by 14.2% and 17.0%. Nitrogen application and planting density had significant effects on yield and lodging resistance. Compared with N0 treatment, increasing nitrogen application rate improved yield of 67.2%–83.2% by increasing spike number and grain number per spike, and the N2 treatment showed the largest increas...