In vivo toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb, Er) in zebrafish during early life stages: Developmental toxicity, gut-microbiome disruption, and proinflammatory effects

作者：Imran Ahamed Khan, Ting Yu, Yong Li, Chengzhang Hu, Xiaoyu Zhao, Qing Wei, Yufang Zhong, Ming Yang, Jinliang Liu, Zhong Chen · 发表于：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116905 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research、Mercury impact and mitigation studies、Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) have been considered promising materials for various fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications. However, data and reports regarding its toxicity and environmental risks are scarce. Under these circumstances, data must be obtained to fully understand potential toxicity and adverse outcome pathways. In the present study, the toxicity of uncoated Ln-UCNP cores (NaYF 4 :Yb, Er) was systematically assessed in zebrafish embryos during early developmental stages. Ln-UCNPs were found to have multiple toxic effects, such as effects on survival rates, delayed hatching times, shorter body lengths, altered heart rates and blood circulation (significantly reduced), and neurobehavioral impairments in response to photoperiod stimulation. Bioimaging showed that Ln-UCNPs were distributed on the chorion, eyes, and skin at 72 hpf. However, it accumulates in the pharynx, esophagus, and intestine after oral administration. Ln-UCNPs disrupt the diversity and abundance of host-associated microorganisms (gut microbiota) leading to an increase in the prevalence of harmful bacteria in zebrafish. Transcriptomic and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted Interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling, neuroinflammation, cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathways, immune and inflammation-related response interferon-gamma (ifnγ), and miR-155 as key mediators in regulatory effects. Based on this, a causal network was built showing the strong links between...