Significance of MRI-based radiomics in predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer: A narrative review

作者：Yang Li, X. Liu, M. Gu, Tianmin Xu, Chao Ge, Peter Chang · 发表于：Cancer/Radiothérapie · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.canrad.2024.04.003 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging、Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments、Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancers owing to its ability to downstage primary tumours. Some patients can achieve pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy, and can adopt a “watch and wait” treatment strategy to avoid overtreatment. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies for predicting responses to neoadjuvant therapy. Radiomics has shown great potential in extracting tumour features from high-throughput medical images for the construction of mathematics models for predicting the effects of anticancerous therapies. Herein, we explored MRI-based radiomics and found that it can predict responses of locally advanced rectal cancers to chemoradiation. Efficient radiomics model allow early-stage prediction of the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on locally advanced rectal cancers. It helps clinicians to make informed therapeutic decisions. In this review, we discuss the workflow of radiomics, and summarize the clinical application of MRI-based radiomics in predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer. La chimioradiothérapie néoadjuvante est le traitement standard pour les patients atteints de cancers rectaux localement évolués en raison de sa capacité à réduire les tumeurs primaires. Certains patients peuvent obtenir une réponse pathologique complète après le traitement néoadjuvant, et peuvent adopter une stratégie de s...