Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children

作者：Jun Chen, Jingjing Wang, Ziyi Qi, Shang Liu, Lingyi Zhao, Bo Zhang, Kaige Dong, Linlin Du, Jinliuxing Yang, Haidong Zou, Xiangui He, Xun Xu · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24595 · 被引用次数：30 · 研究领域：Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies、Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies、Corneal surgery and disorders

Importance: Time spent outdoors has been proven effective in preventing myopia, but little is known about the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopia. Objective: To examine the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopic shift in children. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 1-year prospective cohort study from December 2017 to December 2018 was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial (Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia [STORM]). STORM was a school-based intervention study, recruiting 16 schools from 8 districts in Shanghai, from October 2016 to December 2018. Children without myopia at baseline who consistently wore a smartwatch for a minimum of 6 hours daily, sustained for at least 90 days, and who had complete information were included. Data analysis was performed from December 2017 to December 2018. Exposures: The outdoor exposure pattern was defined as the episode of time outdoors and instant sunlight intensity over a continuous period. Main Outcomes and Measures: Myopic shift was defined as the absolute change in refraction between the initial spherical equivalence and the follow-up spherical equivalence. Results: This study included 2976 students (mean [SD] age, 7.2 [0.6] years; 1525 girls [51.2%]). The mean (SD) daily time outdoors was 90 (28) minutes, and the mean (SD) sunlight intensity was 2345 (486) lux. Of the 12 outdoor exposure patterns, the major outdoor exposure patterns were time outdoors with at least 15 minutes, acc...