Multidimensional analysis of tumor stem cells: from biological properties, metabolic adaptations to immune escape mechanisms

作者：Han Han, Ting He, Yingfan Wu, T. He, Weiqiang Zhou · 发表于：Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3389/fcell.2024.1441081 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Cancer Cells and Metastasis、Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism、Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics

As a key factor in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and metastasis, the biological properties, metabolic adaptations and immune escape mechanisms of CSCs are the focus of current oncological research. CSCs possess self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and tumorigenicity, and their mechanisms of action can be elucidated by the clonal evolution, hierarchical model and the dynamic CSCs model, of which the dynamic model is widely recognized due to its better explanation of the function and origin of CSCs. The origin hypothesis of CSCs involves cell-cell fusion, horizontal gene transfer, genomic instability and microenvironmental regulation, which together shape the diversity of CSCs. In terms of classification, CSCs include primary CSCs (pri-CSCs), precancerous stem cells (pre-CSCs), migratory CSCs (mig-CSCs), and chemo-radiotherapy-resistant CSCs (cr-CSCs and rr-CSCs), with each type playing a specific role in tumor progression. Surface markers of CSCs, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133, CD166, EpCAM, and LGR5, offer the possibility of identifying, isolating, and targeting CSCs, but the instability and heterogeneity of their expression increase the difficulty of treatment. CSCs have adapted to their survival needs through metabolic reprogramming, showing the ability to flexibly switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adjustments to amino acid and lipid metabolism. The Warburg effect typifies their metabolic profiles, and al...